Drugs That May Precipitate or Exacerbate Heart Failure:

AGENTS CAUSING NEGATIVE INOTROPIC EFFECT:

Antiarrhythmics (eg, disopyramide, flecainide, and others)

β-blockers (eg, propranolol, metoprolol, atenolol, and others)

Nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (eg, verapamil)

Itraconazole

Terbinafine

CARDIOTOXIC AGENTS

Doxorubicin

Daunomycin

Cyclophosphamide

AGENTS CAUSING SODIUM AND WATER RETENTION:

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs COX-2 inhibitors

Glucocorticoids

Androgens

Estrogens Salicylates (high dose)

Sodium-containing drugs (eg, carbenicillin disodium, ticarcillin disodium)

Thiazolidinediones (eg, pioglitazone)