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l TREATMENT CESSATION The dose should preferably be

reduced gradually over about 4 weeks, or longer if

withdrawal symptoms emerge (6 months in patients who

have been on long-term maintenance treatment).

l DIRECTIONS FOR ADMINISTRATION Cipramil ® oral drops

should be mixed with water, orange juice, or apple juice

before taking.

l PATIENT AND CARER ADVICE Counselling on

administration of oral drops is advised.

Driving and skilled tasks Patients should be advised of the

effects of citalopram on driving and skilled tasks.

l MEDICINAL FORMS There can be variation in the licensing of

different medicines containing the same drug.

Oral drops

EXCIPIENTS: May contain Alcohol

▶ Citalopram (Non-proprietary)

Citalopram (as Citalopram hydrochloride) 40 mg per

1 ml Citalopram 40mg/ml oral drops sugar free sugar-free | 15 ml P £14.09 DT = £5.21

▶ Cipramil (Lundbeck Ltd)

Citalopram (as Citalopram hydrochloride) 40 mg per

1 ml Cipramil 40mg/ml drops sugar-free | 15 ml P £10.08 DT =

£5.21

Tablet

▶ Citalopram (Non-proprietary)

Citalopram (as Citalopram hydrobromide) 10 mg Citalopram

10mg tablets | 28 tablet P £6.00 DT = £0.89

Citalopram (as Citalopram hydrobromide) 20 mg Citalopram

20mg tablets | 28 tablet P £9.00 DT = £0.88

Citalopram (as Citalopram hydrobromide) 40 mg Citalopram

40mg tablets | 28 tablet P £15.12 DT = £0.96

▶ Cipramil (Lundbeck Ltd)

Citalopram (as Citalopram hydrobromide) 20 mg Cipramil 20mg

tablets | 28 tablet P £8.95 DT = £0.88

364 Mental health disorders BNF 78

Nervous system

4

eiiiF 363i

Escitalopram 13-Jul-2018

l DRUG ACTION Escitalopram is the active enantiomer of

citalopram.

l INDICATIONS AND DOSE

Depressive illness | Generalised anxiety disorder |

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

▶ BY MOUTH

▶ Adult: 10 mg once daily; increased if necessary up to

20 mg daily

▶ Elderly: Initially 5 mg once daily; maximum 10 mg per

day

Panic disorder

▶ BY MOUTH

▶ Adult: Initially 5 mg once daily for 7 days, then

increased to 10 mg daily; maximum 20 mg per day

▶ Elderly: Initially 2.5 mg once daily; maximum 10 mg

per day

Social anxiety disorder

▶ BY MOUTH

▶ Adult: Initially 10 mg once daily for 2–4 weeks, dose to

be adjusted after 2-4 weeks of treatment; usual dose

5–20 mg daily

l CONTRA-INDICATIONS QT-interval prolongation

l CAUTIONS Susceptibility to QT-interval prolongation

l INTERACTIONS → Appendix 1: SSRIs

l SIDE-EFFECTS

▶ Common or very common Sinusitis

▶ Uncommon Oedema

l BREAST FEEDING Present in breast milk; avoid.

l HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT

Dose adjustments Manufacturer advises initially 5 mg once

daily for 2 weeks in mild to moderate impairment,

thereafter increased to 10 mg once daily according to

response; titrate dose with extra caution in severe

impairment.

l RENAL IMPAIRMENT Caution if eGFR less than

30 mL/minute/1.73m2

.

l TREATMENT CESSATION The dose should preferably be

reduced gradually over about 4 weeks, or longer if

withdrawal symptoms emerge (6 months in patients who

have been on long-term maintenance treatment).

l DIRECTIONS FOR ADMINISTRATION Oral drops can be

mixed with water, orange juice, or apple juice before

taking.

l PATIENT AND CARER ADVICE Counselling on

administration of oral drops advised.

Driving and skilled tasks Patients should be counselled

about the effects on driving.

l MEDICINAL FORMS There can be variation in the licensing of

different medicines containing the same drug.

Oral drops

▶ Cipralex (Lundbeck Ltd)

Escitalopram (as Escitalopram oxalate) 20 mg per 1 ml Cipralex

20mg/ml oral drops sugar-free | 15 ml P £20.16 DT = £20.16

Tablet

▶ Escitalopram (Non-proprietary)

Escitalopram (as Escitalopram oxalate) 5 mg Escitalopram 5mg

tablets | 28 tablet P £8.97 DT = £0.91

Escitalopram (as Escitalopram oxalate) 10 mg Escitalopram 10mg

tablets | 28 tablet P £14.91 DT = £1.13

Escitalopram (as Escitalopram oxalate) 20 mg Escitalopram 20mg

tablets | 28 tablet P £25.20 DT = £1.47

▶ Cipralex (Lundbeck Ltd)

Escitalopram (as Escitalopram oxalate) 5 mg Cipralex 5mg tablets

| 28 tablet P £8.97 DT = £0.91

Escitalopram (as Escitalopram oxalate) 10 mg Cipralex 10mg

tablets | 28 tablet P £14.91 DT = £1.13

Escitalopram (as Escitalopram oxalate) 20 mg Cipralex 20mg

tablets | 28 tablet P £25.20 DT = £1.47

eiiiF 363i

Fluoxetine 23-Jul-2018

l INDICATIONS AND DOSE

Major depression

▶ BY MOUTH

▶ Adult: Initially 20 mg daily, dose is increased after

3–4 weeks if necessary, and at appropriate intervals

thereafter, daily dose may be administered as a single

or divided dose; maximum 60 mg per day

▶ Elderly: Initially 20 mg daily, dose is increased after

3–4 weeks if necessary, and at appropriate intervals

thereafter, daily dose may be administered as a single

or divided dose, usual maximum dose is 40 mg daily but

doses up to 60 mg daily can be used

Bulimia nervosa

▶ BY MOUTH

▶ Adult: 60 mg daily, daily dose may be administered as a

single or divided dose

▶ Elderly: Up to 40 mg daily, daily dose may be

administered as a single or divided dose, usual

maximum dose is 40 mg daily but doses up to 60 mg

daily can be used

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

▶ BY MOUTH

▶ Adult: 20 mg daily, increased if necessary up to 60 mg

daily, daily dose may be administered as a single or

divided dose, dose to be increased gradually, review

treatment if inadequate response after 10 weeks;

maximum 60 mg per day

▶ Elderly: 20 mg daily, increased if necessary up to 40 mg

daily, daily dose may be administered as a single or

divided dose, dose to be increased gradually, review

treatment if inadequate response after 10 weeks, usual

maximum dose is 40 mg daily but doses up to 60 mg

daily can be used

Menopausal symptoms, particularly hot flushes, in women

with breast cancer (except those taking tamoxifen)

▶ BY MOUTH

▶ Adult: 20 mg once daily

PHARMACOKINETICS

▶ Consider the long half-life of fluoxetine when adjusting

dosage (or in overdosage).

l UNLICENSED USE g Fluoxetine is used for menopausal

symptoms, ibut it is not licensed for this indication.

l INTERACTIONS → Appendix 1: SSRIs

l SIDE-EFFECTS

▶ Common or very common Chills . feeling abnormal . postmenopausal haemorrhage . uterine disorder. vasodilation . vision blurred

▶ Uncommon Cold sweat. dysphagia . dyspnoea . hypotension . mood altered . muscle twitching . selfinjurious behaviour.temperature sensation altered . thinking abnormal

▶ Rare or very rare Buccoglossal syndrome . leucopenia . neutropenia . oesophageal pain . pharyngitis .respiratory

disorders . serum sickness . speech disorder. vasculitis

▶ Frequency not known Bone fracture

l BREAST FEEDING Present in milk—avoid.

l HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT

Dose adjustments Manufacturer advises dose reduction or

increasing dose interval.

l DIRECTIONS FOR ADMINISTRATION Dispersible tablets can

be dispersed in water for administration or swallowed

whole with plenty of water.

l PATIENT AND CARER ADVICE Patients and carers should be

counselled on the administration of dispersible tablets.

BNF 78 Depression 365

Nervous system

4

Driving and skilled tasks Patients should be counselled

about the effects on driving and skilled tasks.

l MEDICINAL FORMS There can be variation in the licensing of

different medicines containing the same drug. Forms available

from special-order manufacturers include: oral suspension, oral

solution

Tablet

▶ Fluoxetine (Non-proprietary)

Fluoxetine (as Fluoxetine hydrochloride) 10 mg Fluoxetine 10mg

tablets | 30 tablet P £44.00 DT = £44.00

Dispersible tablet

CAUTIONARY AND ADVISORY LABELS 10

▶ Olena (Advanz Pharma)

Fluoxetine (as Fluoxetine hydrochloride) 20 mg Olena 20mg

dispersible tablets sugar-free | 28 tablet P £3.44 DT = £3.44

Oral solution

▶ Fluoxetine (Non-proprietary)

Fluoxetine (as Fluoxetine hydrochloride) 4 mg per 1 ml Fluoxetine

20mg/5ml oral solution | 70 ml P £12.75 DT = £2.93

Fluoxetine 20mg/5ml oral solution sugar free sugar-free | 70 ml P £12.95 DT = £12.95

▶ Prozac (Eli Lilly and Company Ltd)

Fluoxetine (as Fluoxetine hydrochloride) 4 mg per 1 ml Prozac

20mg/5ml liquid | 70 ml P £11.12 DT = £2.93

▶ Prozep (Chemidex Pharma Ltd)

Fluoxetine (as Fluoxetine hydrochloride) 4 mg per 1 ml Prozep

20mg/5ml oral solution sugar-free | 70 ml P £12.95 DT = £12.95

Capsule

▶ Fluoxetine (Non-proprietary)

Fluoxetine (as Fluoxetine hydrochloride) 10 mg Fluoxetine 10mg

capsules | 30 capsule P £57.34 DT = £44.68

Fluoxetine (as Fluoxetine hydrochloride) 20 mg Fluoxetine 20mg

capsules | 30 capsule P £2.51 DT = £0.93

Fluoxetine (as Fluoxetine hydrochloride) 30 mg Fluoxetine 30mg

capsules | 30 capsule P £1.80 DT = £1.80

Fluoxetine (as Fluoxetine hydrochloride) 40 mg Fluoxetine 40mg

capsules | 30 capsule P £1.80 DT = £1.80

Fluoxetine (as Fluoxetine hydrochloride) 60 mg Fluoxetine 60mg

capsules | 30 capsule P £54.36 DT = £6.53

▶ Oxactin (Discovery Pharmaceuticals)

Fluoxetine (as Fluoxetine hydrochloride) 20 mg Oxactin 20mg

capsules | 30 capsule P £0.72 DT = £0.93

▶ Prozac (Eli Lilly and Company Ltd)

Fluoxetine (as Fluoxetine hydrochloride) 20 mg Prozac 20mg

capsules | 30 capsule P £1.50 DT = £0.93

eiiiF 363i

Fluvoxamine maleate 23-Jul-2018

l INDICATIONS AND DOSE

Depressive illness

▶ BY MOUTH

▶ Adult: Initially 50–100 mg daily, dose to be taken in the

evening, dose to be increased gradually, increased if

necessary up to 300 mg daily, doses over 150 mg daily

are given in divided doses; maintenance 100 mg daily

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

▶ BY MOUTH

▶ Adult: Initially 50 mg daily, dose to be taken in the

evening, dose is increased gradually if necessary after

several weeks, increased if necessary up to 300 mg

daily; maintenance 100–300 mg daily, doses over

150 mg daily are given in divided doses, if no

improvement in obsessive-compulsive disorder within

10 weeks, treatment should be reconsidered

l INTERACTIONS → Appendix 1: SSRIs

l SIDE-EFFECTS

▶ Rare or very rare Hepatic function abnormal (discontinue)

▶ Frequency not known Bone fracture . glaucoma . neuroleptic malignant-like syndrome . withdrawal

syndrome neonatal

l BREAST FEEDING Present in milk—avoid.

l HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT

Dose adjustments Manufacturer advises low initial dose.

l RENAL IMPAIRMENT

Dose adjustments Start with low dose.

l TREATMENT CESSATION The dose should preferably be

reduced gradually over about 4 weeks, or longer if

withdrawal symptoms emerge (6 months in patients who

have been on long-term maintenance treatment).

l PATIENT AND CARER ADVICE

Driving and skilled tasks Patients should be counselled

about the effects on driving and skilled tasks.

l MEDICINAL FORMS There can be variation in the licensing of

different medicines containing the same drug. Forms available

from special-order manufacturers include: oral suspension

Tablet

▶ Fluvoxamine maleate (Non-proprietary)

Fluvoxamine maleate 50 mg Fluvoxamine 50mg tablets | 60 tablet P £20.98 DT = £17.54

Fluvoxamine maleate 100 mg Fluvoxamine 100mg tablets | 30 tablet P £20.98 DT = £17.69

▶ Faverin (Mylan)

Fluvoxamine maleate 50 mg Faverin 50mg tablets |

60 tablet P £17.10 DT = £17.54

Fluvoxamine maleate 100 mg Faverin 100mg tablets | 30 tablet P £17.10 DT = £17.69

eiiiF 363i

Paroxetine 19-Jul-2017

l INDICATIONS AND DOSE

Major depression | Social anxiety disorder | Post-traumatic

stress disorder | Generalised anxiety disorder

▶ BY MOUTH

▶ Adult: 20 mg daily, dose to be taken in the morning, no

evidence of greater efficacy at higher doses; maximum

50 mg per day

▶ Elderly: 20 mg daily, dose to be taken in the morning,

no evidence of greater efficacy at higher doses;

maximum 40 mg per day

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

▶ BY MOUTH

▶ Adult: Initially 20 mg daily, dose to be taken in the

morning, increased in steps of 10 mg, dose to be

increased gradually, increased to 40 mg daily, no

evidence of greater efficacy at higher doses; maximum

60 mg per day

▶ Elderly: Initially 20 mg daily, dose to be taken in the

morning, increased in steps of 10 mg, dose to be

increased gradually; maximum 40 mg per day

Panic disorder

▶ BY MOUTH

▶ Adult: Initially 10 mg daily, dose to be taken in the

morning, increased in steps of 10 mg, dose to be

increased gradually, increased to 40 mg daily, no

evidence of greater efficacy at higher doses; maximum

60 mg per day

▶ Elderly: Initially 10 mg daily, dose to be taken in the

morning, increased in steps of 10 mg, dose to be

increased gradually; maximum 40 mg per day

Menopausal symptoms, particularly hot flushes, in women

with breast cancer (except those taking tamoxifen).

▶ BY MOUTH

▶ Adult: 10 mg once daily

l UNLICENSED USE g Paroxetine is used for menopausal

symptoms, ibut it is not licensed for this indication.

l CAUTIONS Achlorhydria . high gastric pH

CAUTIONS, FURTHER INFORMATION

▶ Achlorhydria or high gastric pH Causes reduced absorption of

the oral suspension.

l INTERACTIONS → Appendix 1: SSRIs

366 Mental health disorders BNF 78

Nervous system

4

l SIDE-EFFECTS

▶ Common or very common Vision blurred

▶ Uncommon Diabetic control impaired

▶ Rare or very rare Acute glaucoma . hepatic disorders . peripheral oedema

l PREGNANCY Increased risk of congenital malformations,

especially if used in the first trimester.

l BREAST FEEDING Present in milk but amount too small to

be harmful.

l HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT

Dose adjustments Manufacturer advises dose at the lower

end of the range.

l RENAL IMPAIRMENT

Dose adjustments Reduce dose if eGFR less than

30 mL/minute/1.73 m2

.

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