Documentation: Documentation is the most essential part of the transfer process.

Every key task has to be documented. WHO guidelines mentioned list of important

documents that needs to be prepared. However, these documents can be amended

depending upon the need of time.

Qualification and validation: As per WHO guidelines the extent qualification

and/or validation to be performed and should be determined on the basis of risk

management principles and should be documented.

Authorities and agencies involved in TOT: The main concern of authorities and

agencies involved in TOT is to ensure the transfer of efficient, quality, and safe

technology. Government as well as private (belongs to SU or RU) agencies and

authorities are involved in TOT.

Success of technology transfer depends upon five Cs:

i. Communication

ii. Capacity

iii. Co-ordination

iv. Commitment

v. Cooperation

There are also 6Ps which are considered as constituents of technology transfer:

1. Proper research 2. Paperwork 3. Pricing

4. Publicity 5. Partnership 6. People acceptance

Summary 111

CASE STUDIES OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

The process of technology transfer is actively emerging in India. There are many

technology transfer takes place successfully within the country or outside the country.

Some of them are as follows:

BARC developed technologies in areas like the environment and health, electrical,

mechanical, radioisotopes, electronics, etc. Till now, around 90 technologies have been

transferred by BARC and more are queued in line.

National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Pune, has ties with various universities and

industries that help in scale-up of technology and its seamless transfer.

TOT AGENCIES IN INDIA

The process of technology transfer is very much active in India. There are many agencies

that are involved in TOT to regulate it so as to ensure effective and safe transfer within

the legal framework. The agencies involved are: APCTT, NRDC, TIFAC, BCIL, TBSE,

and SIDBI.

TOT RELATED DOCUMENTATION

Confidentiality agreements: A confidentiality agreement is also known as nondisclosure agreement. It is a contract between two or more parties where the

aim/subject of the agreement is a guarantee that information transfer will be maintained

in confidential/secrecy.

Licensing: In this type the owner/developer of the technology grants permission

to another company (receiver/absorber) in the form of a license to use the technology

for certain purposes and for a certain period of time.

MoU: MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) is also known as commitment letter,

or letter of intent.

Legal issues: Technology transfer process should be in accordance with the legal

framework and the jurisdiction of the concerned country. Issues like tax, intellectual

property rights, infringement of contract, failure to comply with regulatory guidelines

comes under legal issues. Mentioning of recommended law and jurisdiction in case of

breach of conditions in the agreement should be there in technology transfer agreement.