Pharmacy Exam; Sana’a Form

What are/is characteristics of the Sublingual route?

Avoid first-pass effect     

Slow absorption 

Rapid absorption  

a & c

Induction of liver microsomal enzymes can: 

Require the dose increase of some drugs 

Require the dose decrease of some drugs 

Prolong the duration of the action of a drug 

Intensify the unwanted reaction of a drug

All of the following are incorporated into the Cockcroft–Gault equation except: 

Age 

Gender 

Serum albumin 

Serum creatinine 

Polypharmacy use in older adults does not result in: 

Increased adherence 

Increased drug–drug interaction 

Increased complex regimen 

Increased hospitalization 

Lupus-like syndrome is a possible side effect of which of the following drug(s)? 

Clonidine 

Minoxidil 

Doxazosin 

Hydralazine 

Which of the following is TRUE regarding β-blockers in heart failure? 

Ideally should be started in setting of congestion to aid in diuresis 

FDA-approved agents include carvedilol and metoprolol succinate 

Metoprolol tartrate is more efficacious than carvedilol for heart failure 

Chronic β-blockade increases ventricular mass 

Which of the following diuretic combinations is used for the purpose of reducing congestion in the setting of diuretic resistance? 

Hydrochlorothiazide and spironolactone

Spironolactone and torsemide 

Furosemide and spironolactone 

Furosemide and metolazone 

What is the recommended treatment duration of dual antiplatelet therapy following implantation of a drug eluting stent? 

1 month 

3 months 

6 months 

At least 12 months  

Which of the following anticoagulants is preferred for PCI in a patient with a history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and ACS? 

UFH 

Enoxaparin 

Bivalirudin 

Dalteparin

Which of the following is not a secondary cause of dyslipidemia? 

Hypothyroidism 

Hyperthyroidism 

Diabetes 

Renal failure 

Which side effect can be caused by statin therapy? 

Fatty liver 

New onset diabetes 

Flushing 

None of the above

Which one of the following medications requires monitoring of growth in children? 

Montelukast 

Zileuton 

Theophylline

Prednisolone 

Which one of the following medications may worsen the symptoms of GERD by decreasing lower esophageal sphincter pressure? 

Nifedipine 

Alendronate 

Naproxen 

Quinidine 

PPIs decrease stomach acid by which of the following mechanisms? 

Inhibiting gastric H+/K+-adenosine triphosphatase in gastric parietal cells 

Inhibiting histamine2 receptors in gastric parietal cells 

Forming a viscous solution that floats on the surface of the gastric contents 

Forming a protective coating over the damaged mucosa

Which of the following is not considered a potential risk associated with the use of PPIs? 

Clostridium difficile infections 

Community-acquired pneumonia 

Hyperkalemia 

Bone fractures 

Which one of the following should be considered when evaluating a patient who has failed H. pylori eradication therapy? 

Patient adherence 

Preexisting antimicrobial resistance 

Potential reinfection 

All of the above

Prior to initiating therapy with azathioprine, patients should be evaluated for activity of which enzyme? 

Thiopurine methyltransferase 

Azathioprine dehydrogenase 

Dihydrofolate reductase 

Alanine aminotransferase

Which one of the following medications would be contraindicated in a pregnant patient with IBD? 

Sulfasalazine 

Budesonide 

Infliximab 

Methotrexate

Which condition is considered a contraindication to infliximab therapy? 

Diabetes 

Hypothyroidism 

Dyslipidemia 

Advanced heart failure

The incidence of AKI as a result of amphotericin B is highest with which of the following formulations? 

Conventional desoxycholate amphotericin B 

Amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC) 

Liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) 

Amphotericin B colloidal dispersion (ABCD) 

Which of the following neurotransmitters appears to be depleted in some patients with epilepsy? 

GABA 

Glutamate 

Serotonin 

Acetylcholine

35-year-old woman is being started on lamotrigine for newly diagnosed epilepsy. She is otherwise healthy and is not taking any medications except for acetaminophen for an occasional headache. Which of the following will be most important to monitor as she starts lamotrigine? 

Vision 

Blood count 

Rash 

Heart rhythm

A new patient with Parkinson disease comes to the pharmacy with a prescription for pramipexole 0.25 mg at bedtime. Which of the following is the most common adverse effect of pramipexole? 

Obsessive behavior 

Livedo reticularis 

Nausea 

Thickening of heart valves

Oral glucose lowering agents that primarily inhibit the breakdown of glucagon-like peptide 1 are classified as: 

Sulfonylureas 

SGLT2 inhibitors 

DPP-4 inhibitors 

Meglitinides

Select the oral medication from the list below that is most likely to result in weight loss for patients with diabetes. 

Dapagliflozin 

Glyburide 

Liraglutide 

Pioglitazone

In a patient receiving stable LT4 therapy, laboratory monitoring should be performed every _______. 

Month 

6 to 8 weeks 

3 months 

Year

Untreated hyperthyroidism in the elderly can result in: 

Mania 

Atrial fibrillation 

Deafness 

Hirsutism

Why is propylthiouracil (PTU) the antithyroid therapy of choice in pregnant patients with Graves disease? 

It is less hepatotoxic than methimazole (MMI) 

It may be less teratogenic than MMI 

It has less risk of causing fetal hypothyroidism than MMI 

It causes less agranulocytosis in these patients than MMI

Therapeutic window concentrations are between: 

The amount that gives an effect and the amount that gives more than desired effects 

The amount that gives minimal adverse effects and the amount that gives more 

The amount that gives minimal effect and the amount that gives full therapeutic effect

None of the above 

The bioavailability of a drug administered directly to systemic circulation is: 

45 % 

100 % 

Dependent on the half life of the drug 

Is unpredictable

Which of the following drug is recommended for the treatment of MRSA infections? 

Ceftazidime 

Piperacillin +Tazobactam 

Cefotaxime 

Vancomycin

The following antibiotics are capable of inducing renal nephrotoxicity: 

Aminoglycosides 

Quinolones 

Macrolides 

B-lactams

What is the antibiotic that cannot be the cause of cardiac arrhythmia with risk of cardiac arrest? 

Azithromycin

Gentamicin

Gatifloxacin

Clarithromycin

Which of the following diuretics is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor: 

Amiloride 

Acetazolamide 

Hydrochlorothiazide 

Furosemide

A chronic hypertensive pregnant woman may be treated as a first line with:

Enalapril

Candesartan

Methyldopa 

Hydralazine