Consciousness, 332

stroke and, 350

Constipation

abdominal pain with, 213

treatment of, 216

Consumer participation, in EMS, 32

Cooling, for heat-related illness,

268, 269[

COPD. See Chronic obstructive

pulmonary disease

Cordis catheter. See Sheath introducer

catheter

Cornea

examination of, 313, 313[

injury to, 315-3 18, 316f, 31 6t, 317[,

318[

ulcers of, 317

Corticotrophin-releasing hormone

(CRH), 292

Cortisol, 292

CPP. See Cerebral perfusion pressure

Cranial nerve exam, for stroke, 350

CRAO. See Central retinal artery

occlusion

Creatine phosphokinase, for heat-related

illness, 268

Creatinine, in acute abdominal pain, 1 14

CRH. See Corticotrophin-releasing

hormone

Cricothyrotomy, 41, 41f

Critical care paramedic, 30, 3lt

Critical care units, EMS, 31

Crotalidae polyvalent immune Fab snake

antivenom ( CroFab ), 279

Crotaline sub-family snakes, 274-275,

275f

Croup, 206-208, 2 10-211

CRVO. See Central retinal vein occlusion

Cryoprecipitate, 304

CSF. See Cerebrospinal fluid

C-spine clearance, 3 71

CTA. See Computed tomography

angiography

Cushing disease, 292-294, 294[

Cushing syndrome, 292-294, 294f

CVA. See Cerebrovascular accident

Cyanide, antidote for, 233t

Cyclic antidepressants ( CA), poisoning

with, 255-258, 256t, 257f, 258f

Cystitis, 170-171, 173t

Cystogram, for trauma, 360

Cysts, I&D for, 1-3

Cytochrome P450, for acetaminophen

metabolism, 239

Cytomegalovirus (CMV), in HIV

patien�, l 56-1 57, 1 59-161

D

Dabigatran etexilate, 308

complications with, 309-3 11, 310f

DAI. See Diffuse axonal injury

Dalteparin, for PE, 1 10

D-dimer, 109, 111[

Debridement, wound, 21

Decompression, for intestinal

obstruction, 132-134, 133f

Decontamination

for digoxin toxicity, 253

for poisoned patient, 232, 232f

Deep partial thickness burns, 387

Deep sutures, 22, 23f

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), PE in, 108

Defibrillation, 34, 35f, 68-69

for digoxin toxicity, 252-253

with hypothermia, 262

Dehydration, 217-220, 21St, 219f, 220t

with CA overdose, 257-258

with cold-induced tissue injuries,

264-265

with diabetic emergencies, 281

with digoxin overdose, 253

with hypothermia, 260

Delivery, emergency, 192-195, 193[, 194[,

195t

Delta pressure, 408

Deltoid ligament disruption, 400, 400f

Denis 3-column theory, 368

Dental abscesses, 328-330

Dental caries, 328, 330

Dental emergencies, 327-331, 327[, 329[,

330f, 33lf

Depolarizing neuromuscular blockers,

for RSI, 40

Dermatoses, life-threatening, 418-422,

419[, 420[, 42 1f

Detorsion, for testicular torsion,

1 75-1 76, 1 76[

Dexamethasone

for adrenal emergencies, 293

for HIV patients, 160

for meningitis or encephalitis, 1 50

for respiratory distress, 210

for SVC syndrome, 297

Dextromethorphan, as toxidrome, 23 1t

Dextrose, for potassium disorders, 286

DGI. See Disseminated gonococcal

infection

Diabetes mellitus, 280

Diabetic emergencies, 280--283, 282f

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA),

280-283, 282[

Diabetic ketosis, 280--283, 282f

Diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL), for

abdominal trauma, 384

Dialysis, for potassium disorders, 286

Diazepam, for seizure, 356

DIC. See Disseminated intravascular

coagulopathy

Diffuse axonal injury (DAl), 364

Digoxin

for dysrhythmia, 69

poisoning with, 233t, 25 1-254,

252f, 253f

Diltiazem, for dysrhythmia, 69

Diphenhydramine, for allergic

reactions, 425

Diphtheria toxoid, after laceration

repair, 23

Disaster plan/preparedness, 32, 32t

Disequilibrium, 341-346, 342t, 343f,

343t, 345f

Displaced femoral neck fracture, 397,

397f, 40 1

Disseminated gonococcal infection

(DGI), 41 9-420, 422

Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy

(DIC), with heat-related illness, 268

Dissociative agents, procedural sedation

with, 13-15, 13t, 14f, 14t, 1 St

Distal radius fractures, 392, 392f, 396

Distributive shock, 42-45, 43 t, 44f

Diuretics

for CHF, 60--61, 60f, 61t

for dyspnea, 84, 87f

for transfusions reactions, 307

Dix-Hallpike maneuver, 343, 344f

Dizziness, 341-346, 342t, 343f, 343t, 344f,

345f, 346f

DKA. See Diabetic ketoacidosis

Dobutamine

for CHF, 59, 6lt

for sepsis, 144

for shock, 44f, 45

Dopamine

for CHF, 59, 6lt

for dysrhythmia, 68

for sepsis, 144

for shock, 44f, 45

Dorsal splint, 415, 416f

Doxazosin, for nephrolithiasis, 169

Doxycycline

for cervicitis, 1 88t

for PID, 188t

INDEX

DPL. See Diagnostic peritoneal lavage

Drainage. See Incision and drainage

Droplet precautions, for pneumonia, 103

Drowning incident, 270--273, 27lf, 272f

Dry socket. See Alveolar osteitis

DVT. See Deep vein thrombosis

Dyspnea, 84-88, 87f

Dysrhythruias, 63-69, 64t, 65f, 66f,

E

67f, 68f

with CA overdose, 256, 256t

with digoxin toxicity, 252

with potassium disorders, 285, 285f

ECG. See Electrocardiogram

Echocardiogram (ECHO), for thoracic

trauma, 377, 377f

Echogenicity, ultrasound, 28

Eclampsia, 189-191, 190f

Ectopic pregnancy

abdominal pain in, 1 12-1 16, 1 14f, 1 1 6f

EUS for, 27-29, 28f, 29f

vaginal bleeding in, 181-183, 182f, 184f

EDH. See Epidural hematoma

EEG. See Electroencephalogram

Elapidae snakes, 274-275, 276f

Elbow injuries, 392

Electrical burns, 387

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

in ACS, 5 1-53, 52f, 52t

in acute abdominal pain, 1 1 5

for AMS, 333

of aortic dissection, 71

for CA overdose, 256, 257f, 258f

in CHF, 58

for CO poisoning, 248

in COPD, 96-97

for diabetic emergencies, 281

for digoxin toxicity, 252

for dizziness, 342

in dyspnea, 86

of dysrhythmias, 63-64, 65f

for hypothermia, 260, 261f

for oncologic emergencies, 296

in PE, 109

for poisoned patient, 232

for potassium disorders, 285, 285f

for sickle cell disease, 299-303, 302f

for stroke, 350

in syncope, 81, 82f

for thoracic trauma, 377

Electroencephalogram (EEG), for seizure,

355

Electrolyte abnormalities

with acetaminophen toxicity, 240

in acute abdominal pain, 1 1 4

with adrenal emergencies, 293

with CO poisoning, 248

dehydration and, 218-2 19

with digoxin toxicity, 252

with heat-related illness, 268

of poisoned patient, 23 1-232

Electrolyte panel

for adrenal emergencies, 293

for burns, 388

for potassium disorders, 285

Elimination, for poisoned patient, 232f,

233

Ellis fractures, 327-329, 327f

EM. See Erythema multiforme

Emergency delivery, 192-195, 193f, 194f,

1 95t

Emergency medical responder (EMR),

30, 31t

Emergency medical services (EMS),

30--32, 31t, 32t

Emergency medical technician (EMT),

30, 31t

Emergency ultrasound (EUS), 27-29,

28f, 29f

Emergent airway management, for

trauma, 360

Emergent fasciotomy, 408

Emergent headache, 336-340, 336t, 338f,

338t, 339f

EMR. See Emergency medical responder

EMS. See Emergency medical services

EMT. See Emergency medical technician

Encephalitis, 147-1 50, 148t, 149f, 149t

Encephalopathy, hypertensive,

76, 77t, 78t

Endotracheal tube (ETT), placement of,

37-41, 39f, 40f, 41f

Enoxaparin, 309

for ACS, 55

for PE, 1 1 0

Envenomation, 274-279, 275f, 276f, 277f,

278f

Epidural hematoma (EDH), 364-365, 364f

Epiglottitis, 206-211, 209f, 225-228, 227f

Epinephrine

for allergic reactions, 423-425, 425f

for anaphylaxis, 307

for asthma, 92-93, 92f

for cardiopulmonary arrest, 34, 35f

for dyspnea, 84, 87f

for dysrhythmia, 68

lidocaine with, 21

for respiratory distress, 210 f, 211

for shock, 44f, 45

Epistat nasal catheter, 326, 326f

Epistaxis, 324-326, 325f, 326f

Epley maneuver, 343, 346f

Eponychia, 1

Eptifibatide, for ACS, 55

Erysipelas, 15 1-1 55, 1 52f, 154f

Erythema multiforme (EM), 418-419,

420f, 421-422, 42 1[

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),

with temporal arteritis, 32 1-322,

338

Erythrodermas, 41 8-422, 419f, 42 1f

Escharotomy, for burns, 389

Esmolol

for aortic dissection, 73-7 4

for hypertensive emergency, 78t

Esophageal rupture, chest pain in, 47-49,

48f

ESR. See Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Ethacrynic acid, for CHF, 60, 6lt

Ethylene glycol, poisoning with, 233t,

235-237

Etomidate

procedural sedation with, 14t

for RSI, 40

ETT. See Endotracheal tube

EUS. See Emergency ultrasound

Evaporative cooling, for heat-related

illness, 268, 269/

Exchange transfusion, for vasoocclusive

crisis, 301

Exposure, blood and body fluid, 162-1 65,

1 64/

Extension injuries, to cervical spine, 369,

369t

Extracorporeal rewarming, for

hypothermia, 262

Eyelids, allergic, 316

F

Fab fragments, for digoxin toxicity, 254

Famotidine, for allergic reactions, 425

Fasciotomy, emergent, 408

FAST. See Focused Assessment with

Sonography for Trauma

Femoral neck fracture, 397, 397f, 40 1

Femoral vein catheterization, 1 1, 11 f

Fenoldopam, for hypertensive emergency,

78t

Fentanyl

for pediatric patients, 1 98-199

procedural sedation with, 14, 14t

for RSI, 39

for trauma, 361

FEVl. See Forced expiratory volume in

1 second

Fever, 138-141, 139t, 140/

in HIV patients, 1 57, 1 59-161, 160/

with otitis media, 222

pediatric, 201-205, 203f, 204t

FFP. See Fresh-frozen plasma

Fiberglass splints, 417, 417/

Fibrinogen levels, for envenomation, 278

Fibrinolytics, for stroke, 349-351

Fibular fracture, 398

Finger splints, 416-417, 416/

First-degree burns, 387

Flanks, 381

Flare, 314, 314/

Flexion injuries, to cervical spine, 369,

369t

Fluconazole

for HIV patients, 161

for vaginitis, 1 87t

Fluid resuscitation

for dehydration, 2 1 9-220, 219/

for diabetic emergencies, 282

for heat-related illness, 268

for hypercalcemia, 297

for sickle cell disease, 301

for stroke, 352

for tumor lysis syndrome, 298

Flwnazenil, 1St

Fluorescein, 313

Fluoroscopy, for abdominal pain, 214, 2 14/

Focused antidotal therapy

for poisoned patient, 232f, 233, 233t

for toxic alcohol ingestion, 237

INDEX

Focused Assessment with Sonography

for Trauma (FAST), 27-29, 28f,

29f, 383

Foley catheter, 326, 326/

Fondaparinux

for ACS, 55

for PE, 1 1 0

Foot injuries, 398, 400, 400f, 402

Forced expiratory volume in 1 second

(FEVl), 90, 9 1/

Forearm injuries, 392

Foreign body aspiration, 206-2 1 1, 208f,

209f

Fosphenytoin, for seizure, 356

Fournier's gangrene, 1 52/

Fracture

Salter-Harris classification of,

1 97, 198/

splinting of, 414-417, 414t, 415f, 416f,

417/

Frequency, ultrasound, 28

Fresh-frozen plasma (FFP), 304, 307

for anticoagulation therapy

complications, 310

Frostbite, 263-266, 264f, 265f, 266t

Frostnip, 263-266, 265/

Funduscopic examination, 320-32 1

Furosemide

G

for CHF, 60-6 1, 6lt

for dyspnea, 87f

for potassium disorders, 286

for SVC syndrome, 297

GABA-A receptors, antagonism of,

255-256

GABHS. See Group A �-hemolytic

streptococcus

Galeazzi fracture-dislocation, 392

Gallstones. See Acute cholecystitis

Ganciclovi.r, for HlV patients, 1 60

Gastric lavage

for acetaminophen toxicity, 242-243

for CA overdose, 257

for poisoned patient, 232f, 233

Gastroenteritis

abdominal pain with, 213

dehydration with, 217

Gastrointestinal ( GI) bleeding, 128-130,

1 28t, 129t, 1 30/

Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, in HlV

patients, 1 57, 159, 1 60f, 161

GCS. See Glasgow Coma Scale

Generalized seizures, 353, 354t

Geneva score, 109-1 10, 1 1 0b, 111/

Gentamicin

for pediatric fever, 204

for PID, 188t

for UTI, 173t

Gestational hypertension, 189-1 91,

1 90f

GI bleeding. See Gastrointestinal bleeding

GI symptoms. See Gastrointestinal

symptoms

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), 359-360,

363, 363t

Glaucoma. See Acute angle-closure

glaucoma

Glucose, in acute abdominal pain, 1 14

Glucuronidation, of acetaminophen, 239

Glutathione, for acetaminophen

metabolism, 239

Glycoprotein lib/Ilia inhibitors, for ACS,

54f, 55

Goiter, 289, 290f

Gonococcal septic arthritis, 410-411

Gonorrhea, 1 85-188, 1 88t,

419-420, 422

Graft-versus-host disease, with

transfusions, 305

Grand mal seizure, 353, 354t

Group A �-hemolytic streptococcus

(GABHS), pharyngitis with,

225-227, 226/

Growth plate injury, 197, 198 f

Gutter splint, 415, 416/

H

H 1 blockers, for allergic reactions, 425

H2 blockers, for allergic reactions, 425

Haloperidol

for psychiatric patient, 428

for trauma, 362

Halo-test, 359

Hand injuries, 392-393, 393/

Hb. See Hemoglobin

HBIG. See Hepatitis B immunoglobulin

HBO therapy. See Hyperbaric oxygen

therapy

HBV. See Hepatitis B virus

HCV. See Hepatitis C virus

Head injuries, 363-367, 363 t, 364f, 365f,

366/

Headache, 336-340, 336t, 338f, 338t,

339/

post-LP, 17-19

Heart block, 63-66, 66f, 67f, 68-69

Heart disease. See Cardiac disease

Heart failure. See Congestive heart failure

Heat-related illness, 267-269, 269/

HELLP syndrome, 189-191, 1 90/

Hemodialysis

for hypercalcemia, 297

for poisoned patient, 232f, 233

for salicylate overdose, 245, 246/

for toxic alcohol ingestion,

237, 237/

for tumor lysis syndrome, 298

Hemoglobin (Hb)

abdominal trauma and, 383

CO binding of, 247, 248/

sickle cell disease, 299

Hemolytic anemia, 300

Hemorrhagic gastritis, with toxic alcohol

ingestion, 236

Hemorrhagic lesions, 41 8-422, 42 1/

Hemorrhagic stroke, 347, 350, 350f, 35lf,

352

Hemothorax (HTX), 359-361, 375-379,

376f

Henoch-Schonlein purpura, abdominal

pain with, 213

Heparin, 308

for ACS, 54f, 55

antidote for, 233t

complications with, 309-3 1 1, 310f

for PE, 48-49, 1 1 0

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

(HIT}, 308-309

Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG), for

postexposure prophylaxis, 163

Hepatitis B vaccination, 162-163

Hepatitis B virus (HBV}, postexposure

prophylaxis for, 1 62-165, 1 64f

Hepatitis C virus (HCV), postexposure

prophylaxis for, 1 62-165, 1 64f

Herniation, LP causing, 18

Herpes simplex virus (HSV}, 147-148, 1 50

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus, 317

Heterophile antibody (Monospot), for

infectious mononucleosis, 227

HHS. See Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar

state

Hidradenitis suppurativa, 1

Hip dislocations, 397, 40 1

Hip injuries, 397, 397f, 399, 40 1

Hi.stamine-2 antagonists, for GI bleeding,

1 30

HIT. See Heparin-induced

thrombocytopenia

HIV. See Human immunodeficiency virus

Homatropine, for acute anterior uveitis,

317

Horizontal mattress suture, 22, 22f

Hospital admission, with dehydration,

220

HSV. See Herpes simplex virus

HTX. See Hemothorax

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV},

1 56-1 61, 1 57f, 158f, 1 59f, 160f

postexposure prophylaxis for, 1 62-165,

1 64f

seizures with, 356

Humerus fractures, 392, 392f, 396

Hutchinson fracture, 392

Hydralazine, for hypertension in

pregnancy, 191

Hydrocortisone

for adrenal emergencies, 293

for sepsis, 144

Hydromorphone

for acute cholecystitis, 123

for intestinal obstruction, 133

Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy, for

CO poisoning, 249-250, 250t

Hypercalcemia, in cancer patient,

295-298, 297[

Hyperglycemia, 280-283, 282f

with Cushing syndrome, 293

Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state

(HHS}, 280-283, 282f

Hyperkalemia, 284-287, 285f, 286f

Hypertension, in pregnancy, 189-191, 190f

Hypertensive emergencies, 75-79, 77f,

77t, 78t

Hypertensive encephalopathy, 76, 77t, 78t

Hyperthyroidism, 288-29 1, 289 t, 290f,

29 1[

Hypertonic dehydration, 220

Hypoglycemia

with AMS, 333

with hypothermia, 260

seizure with, 353

as toxidrome, 23lt

INDEX

Hypokalemia, 284-287, 285f, 286f

Hypopyon, 317, 317f

Hypotension, with CA overdose, 256-258,

256t

Hypothermia, 259-262, 26 1f

with massive transfusions, 305

Hypothyroidism, 288-29 1, 289t, 290f,

291f

Hypotonic dehydration, 220

Hypovolemia, with anticoagulation

therapy, 309

Hypovolemic shock, 42-45, 43t, 44f

classes of, 361, 361 t

Hypoxia, with AMS, 333

Ibuprofen

for fever, 140

for otitis media, 223

for pediatric fever, 204

for pharyngitis, 228

for sickle cell disease, 301

ICP. See Intracranial pressure

I&D. See Incision and drainage

Idioventricular rhythm, 66, 66f, 69

Immersion bums, 388

Immersion/trench foot, 263-266, 265f

Incision and drainage (I&D}, 1-3, 1f, 2f

Infants. See Pediatric patients

Infection, wound closure and, 20

Infectious complications, with

transfusions, 305-307, 305t, 306f

Infectious mononucleosis, pharyngitis

with, 226-227

Infraglottic bum injuries, 388

Inhalational injuries, 388

Inotropes

for CHF, 59, 60f, 61t

for shock, 44f, 45

INR. See International normalized ratio

Insulin

for diabetic emergencies, 282

for potassium disorders, 286

as toxidrome, 231 t

Internal jugular vein catheterization, 9, 1 1f

International normalized ratio (INR),

medications that increase, 309

Interspinous ligaments, 368, 369f

Intestinal malrotation

abdominal pain with, 213

examination of, 213-2 14, 214f

treatment of, 216

Intestinal obstruction, 131-134, 132f, 1 33f

Intracranial hemorrhage

headache with, 337, 339

hypertensive emergency with, 76, 77t,

78, 78t

Intracranial pressure (ICP)

LP and, 16

TBI and, 363-364

Intraocular pressure, 321, 32 1f

Intubation, 37-41, 39f, 40f, 4 1f

for burns, 389

for epistaxis, 325

for head injuries, 365-366

for salicylate overdose, 245

for stroke, 352

Intussusception

abdominal pain with, 212

examination of, 213-2 14, 214[

treatment of, 215

Ipratropium bromide

for allergic reactions, 425

for asthma, 92f, 93

for COPD, 97, 98f

for respiratory distress, 211

Iron, antidote for, 233t

Irrigation, wound, 21

Ischemia. See also Acute coronary

syndrome

mesenteric, 135-137, 136f, 1 37f

Ischemic stroke, 347-348, 350, 350f,

351f, 352

Isoniazid

antidote for, 233t

seizures with, 356

Isopropanol, poisoning with,

235-237

Isotonic dehydration, 220

IV immunoglobulin G (IVIG), for

erythrodermas, 42 1

J