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Perineal dissection revealing details of external genitalia

Inferior view

 1 Body of clitoris

 2 Crura of clitoris

 3 Bulb of vestibule

 4 Greater vestibular gland

 5 Vestibule

 6 Transverse perenei superficialis

Surrounding the

openings of the

vagina and ureFemale External Genitalia

 7 Ischiocavernosus muscle

 8 Bulbospongiosus muscle

 9 Ischioanal fossa

10 Perineal membrane

 11 Deep perineal fascia

12 Head of femur

thra in the perineum of the female are the external genital structures. Bounding the openings on

either side are the folds of skin called the labia majora and labia minora. Between these folds is

the common entry way to both urethra and vagina, the vestibule. Deep to the labial skin are the

erectile tissues of the female, the clitoris and bulb of the vestibule. The greater vestibular glands

empty their lubricating secretions into the vestibule and opening of the vagina.

13 Gluteus maximus muscle

14 Gluteus medius muscle

15 Ischium

16 Gracilis muscle

17 Adductor muscles

18 Femoral artery

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 1 Scrotum

 2 Testis

 3 Glans penis

 4 Corpus cavernosum penis

 5 Corpus spongiosum penis

 6 Bulb of penis

 7 Spongy urethra

 8 Crus of penis

 9 Bulbourethral gland

10 Prostate gland

 11 Seminal vesicle

12 Bladder

13 Pubic symphysis

14 Rectus abdominis

15 Rectum

16 Sigmoid colon

17 Small intestine

18 Sacrum

Parasagittal section of male pelvis

Medial view

Like the female, there are

both internal and external

genital organs in the male.

The major difference between the sexes is the enlargement of the erectile tissue organs of the male and

the descent of the gonads, the testes, from an internal position to a suspended position outside the body

cavity. The male genital organs include the testes suspended in the scrotum. The testes consist of an extensive tubular system that gives rise to the sperm, which then pass through the tubular ducts of egress —

the rete testis, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, and urethra — to exit from the male body.

Accessory glands of the male join the ducts of egress and add secretions to the sperm, and the erectile

intromittant organ, the penis, introduces the sperm into the female system.

Male Reproductive Organs

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Testis and spermatic cord

with fascial coverings

Medial view

Testis and spermatic cord

with fascia removed

Medial view

Sagittal section of testis and

spermatic cord

Medial view

 1 Coelom of testis

 2 External spermatic fascia

 3 Cremaster muscle

 4 Tunica albuginea of testis

 5 Epididymis

 6 Seminiferous tubules

The testes are the site of sperm production in the male. Unlike the solid,

cellular ovaries, the testes are collec-

 7 Rete testis

 8 Spermatic cord

 9 Spermatogonium

10 Primary spermatocyte

 11 Secondary spermatocyte

12 Spermatid

tions of small, highly coiled tubes, the seminiferous tubules. Beginning at puberty the spermatogonia,

sperm stem cells, in the walls of the seminiferous tubules begin meiosis and produce hundreds of millions of sperm cells daily. From the testis the sperm are moved into the epididymis where they are

stored and reach maturity prior to passing into the ductus deferens.

13 Sertoli cell

14 Basement membrane

15 Interstitial cells (of Leydig)

16 Sperm in lumen of epididymis

17 Mucosa of epididymis

18 Stereocilia

Testis and Epididymis

Photomicrograph of

seminiferous tubules

40x, callout 160x

Photomicrograph of epididymis

200x

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Dissection of spermatic cord exiting superfi cial inguinal ring

Anterior view

Dissection of male genital structures

Medial view

Dissection of inguinal canal and spermatic cord

Anterior view

Ductus Deferens and Spermatic Cord

The ductus (vas) deferens is the muscular tube that transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory

duct within the prostate gland. Peristaltic muscle contractions in the tube move the sperm. The ductus deferens accompanies the testicular vessels and nerves within a wrapping of fascia and muscle, called the

spermatic cord. The cord extends from the testis to the superfi cial inguinal ring in the abdominal wall.

Photomicrograph of

ductus deferens

30x, callout 400x

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 1 Ductus deferens

 2 Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

 3 Lamina propria

 4 Inner longitudinal muscle layer

 5 Middle circular muscle layer

 6 Outer longitudinal muscle layer

 7 Testicular blood vessels

 8 External spermatic fascia

 9 Cremaster fascia

Lateral dissection of male pelvis

Lateral view

Lateral disscetion of male pelvis

Lateral view

Dissection of male pelvic cavity

Superior view, bladder removed

10 Internal spermatic fascia

 11 Superficial inguinal ring

12 Inguinal canal

13 Deep inguinal ring

14 Penis

15 Bladder

16 Prostate gland

17 Seminal vesicle

18 Pubic symphysis

19 Ureter

20 Rectus abdominis

21 Superior ramus of pubis (cut)

22 Inferior ramus of pubis (cut)

23 Body of pubis (cut)

24 Pudendal nerve and vessels

25 Rectum (enlarged)

26 Internal iliac artery

27 External iliac artery (cut)

28 Psoas major muscle

29 Iliacus muscle

30 Sacrum

31 Levator ani muscle

32 Sciatic nerve

33 Testis

34 Obturator internus muscle

35 Tendinous arch of levator ani

36 Ampulla of ductus deferens

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Parasagittal section revealing prostate

and bulbourethral glands

Medial view

 1 Seminal vesicle

 2 Prostate gland

 3 Bulbourethral gland

 4 Secretory epithelium

 5 Trabecula

 6 Blood vessel

Associated with the male ducts of

egress are three glands, often referred to as the accessory sex glands

 7 Bladder

 8 Ductus deferens

 9 Ampulla of ductus deferens

10 Rectum

 11 Pubic symphysis

12 Bulb of penis

of the male. The three named glands are the paired seminal glands (vesicles), the unpaired prostate gland,

and the paired bulbourethral glands. They arise as epithelial outgrowths of terminal end of the male ducts

of egress at the base of the bladder. They produce secretions that protect and nourish the sperm.

13 Crus of penis

14 Ilium

15 Ischial tuberosity

16 Obturator internus muscle

17 Levator ani muscle

18 Deep transverse perineal muscle

Male Accessory Glands

Dissection of pelvic region

Posterior view

Photomicrograph of seminal vesicle

50x

Photomicrograph of prostate gland

200x

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The penis is the intromittent organ of the male external genitalia through which the long

urethra, in comparison to the female, courses as it transports both urine and semen from

the male body. Along with the urethra, the penis consists of three masses of erectile tisPenis

Sagittal section of penis in situ

Medial view

Transverse section of penis

Superior view

 1 Glans penis

 2 Corpus cavernosum penis

 3 Corpus spongiosum penis

 4 Crus of penis

 5 Bulb of penis

 6 Spongy urethra

 7 Deep dorsal vein

 8 Tunica albuginea of corpus spongiosum

 9 Tunica albuginea of corpus cavernosum

10 Deep (cavernous) artery of penis

 11 Intermediate (membranous) urethra

12 Prostatic urethra

13 Ampula of ductus deferens

14 Pubic symphysis

15 Testis

16 Ejaculatory duct

17 Bladder

18 Suspensory ligament of penis

sue. On the dorsal aspect of the body of the penis are the paired corpora cavernosae. These erectile tissue

bodies are the principal tissues of penile erection. At the base of the penis each corpus cavernosum extends laterally to form the crura of the penis. Each crus attaches to the inferior pubic ramus. On the ventral

aspect of the penis is the slender unpaired corpus spongiosum, which surrounds the spongy urethra. The

corpus spongiosum expands distally as the glans penis, which forms the expanded tip of the penis. It expands proximally to form the bulb of the penis in the perineum beneath the prostate gland. The glans is

covered by a hood of skin, the prepuce, which can be removed via circumcision.

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335

A

abducens nerve 224,241

abductor digiti minimi 190

abductor digiti minimi, hand 138, 188, 193, 194

abductor digiti minimi, foot 207, 209

abductor hallucis 207, 209

abductor pollicis brevis 188, 193, 194

abductor pollicis longus 190

absorptive cells 310

accessory cephalic vein 276

accessory hemi-azygos vein 278

accessory nerve 224, 241, 245

accessory process 77

acetabular labrum 135

acetabular notch 105

acetabulum 105

basophils 251

chromophobes 251

acidophils 251

acromial angle 88

acromial artery 275

acromial end 86

acromial facet 86

acromioclavicular ligament 133

acromion 88, 133

adductor brevis 202

adductor hallucis 209

adductor longus 170, 197, 201, 202, 284, 286

adductor magnus 142, 197, 199, 202, 203

adductor minimis 199, 202, 203

adductor muscles 135, 327

adductor pollicis 188, 193, 194

adductor tubercle 109

adenohypophysis 251, 252

adipose cell membrane 24

adipose tissue 19

adrenal gland 314

adventitia 326

aff erent lymphatic vessels 288

ala of vomer 67

ala or wing of sacrum 78, 106

alpha cell 257

alveolar part of mandible 62

alveolar process of maxilla 60

alveolar spaces of lungs 295, 297

ampula of ductus deferens 331, 332, 333

ampulla of uterine tube 324

anatomical neck of humerus 90

anconeus 190

angle of rib 81

angle of mandible 62

ansa cervicalis 216

antebrachial fascia 178

anterior antebrachial muscles 177, 178

anterior arch of atlas 74

anterior articular facet of dens 74

anterior belly of digastricus 145, 146, 148, 151, 155, 168, 229

anterior border of tibia 111, 112

anterior border of ulna 92

anterior border of radius 94

anterior cardiac vein 263, 270

anterior cerebral artery 224, 242, 272

anterior circumfl ex humeral artery 275

anterior clinoid process 58

anterior communicating artery 272

anterior cranial fossa 49

anterior cruciate ligament 136

anterior cutaneous branch of femoral nerve 221

anterior cutaneous branches (ventral rami) 221

anterior facet for calcaneus 116

anterior funiculus of white matter 232

anterior gluteal line 106

anterior inferior iliac spine 106

anterior intercondylar area 111

anterior interosseous artery 188, 276

anterior interventricular artery 263, 264, 270

anterior limb 71

anterior lobe of cerebellum 240, 242

anterior longitudinal ligament 126

anterior median fi ssure 234

anterior nasal spine 60

anterior perforated substance 241

anterior process of malleus 71

anterior sacral foramina 78

anterior scalene 167, 168, 170, 184, 216, 217, 223, 268, 269, 275, 293

anterior superior iliac spine 106

anterior surface of patella 122

anterior talar articular surface 117

anterior thigh muscles 177

anterior tibial artery 286

anterior tibial vessels 205

anterior tibiofi bular ligament of tibiofi bular syndesmosis 124

anterior tubercle of anterior arch of atlas 74

anterior tubercle of costal process of cervical vertebrae 74

anterior vagal trunk 222, 268

antitragicus 147, 149

anular ligament 134

anulus fi brosus of intervertebral disc 126

anus 318

aorta 126, 222, 256,263, 264, 268, 269, 270, 278, 281, 284, 293, 301, 311, 314, 320

aorta 222

aortic arch 254, 311

aortic impression 297

aortic valve 264

aorticorenal ganglion 222

apex of sacrum 78

apex of patella 122

apex of heart 264

apex of lung 297

apex of head of fi bula 112

apex of petrous part of temporal bone 56

apocrine secretory cell 23

arcuate line of ilium 106

arcuate line of abdomen 170

arrector pili muscle 23

arteriole 255

articular (synovial) cavity 134, 135, 136

articular cartilage 128, 133, 134, 136

articular cartilage of acetabulum 135

articular cartilage of femur 135

articular circumference 92, 94

articular disc 132

articular facet of radius 94

articular facet for talus 112

articular facet for tibia 112

articular facet of tubercle 81

articular facets of head 81

articular surface of patella 122

articular surface for calcaneus 118

articular surface for cuboid 117, 118, 119

articular surface for fi ft h metatarsal 118

articular surface for fi rst metatarsal 119

articular surface for fourth metatarsal 118, 119

articular surface for intermediate cuneiform 118

articular surface for lateral cuneiform 118, 119

articular surface for medial cuneiform 118, 119

articular surface for middle cuneiform 119

articular surface for navicular 118, 119

articular surface for second metatarsal 119

articular surface for second metatarsal 119

Index

336

articular surface for second metatarsal 119

articular surface for talus 118

articular surface for third metatarsal 119

articular surface with capitate 99

articular surface with fi ft h metacarpal 99

articular surface with fi rst metacarpal 99

articular surface with fourth metacarpal 99

articular surface with hamate 99

articular surface with lunate 99

articular surface with pisiform 99

articular surface with radius 99

articular surface with scaphoid 99

articular surface with second metacarpal 99

articular surface with third metacarpal 99

articular surface with trapezium 99

articular surface with trapezoid 99

articular surface with triquetrum 99

articular surface with triquetrum 99

articular tubercle of temproal bone 56, 132

articularis genus 201, 202

ary-epiglottic part of oblique arytenoid 156

aryepiglottic fold 153

ascending cervical artery 275

ascending colon 281, 301, 310, 311

ascending pharyngeal artery 271

atlas 155, 242, 251, 252

auricular surface of sacrum 78

auricular surface of ilium 106

auricularis anterior 145, 147, 148

auricularis posterior 147, 148, 163, 226

auricularis superior 145, 147, 148

auriculotemporal nerve 226

autonomic nerve plexus 256

axillary artery 275

axillary nerve 217

axis 155, 242, 251, 252

axon 16, 213, 251

pituicytes 251

azygos vein 222, 269, 278

B

basal cell 6, 8, 230

base of metatarsal 120

base of phalanx of toes 121

base of patella 122

base of metacarpal 101

base of phalanx of hand 101

basement membrane 6, 8, 259, 329

basilar artery 271, 272

basilic vein 276

beta cell 257

biceps brachii 134, 140, 142, 170, 177, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 187, 190, 217, 276

biceps femoris 142, 197, 199, 202, 203, 286

bicuspid valve 264

bile duct 309

bladder 256, 258, 282, 301, 311, 314, 318, 320, 323, 326, 328, 331, 332, 333

bladder 332

blood plasma 262

blood vessel 6, 21, 24, 72, 140, 332

body of hyoid 72

body of sternum 82

body of talus 116

body of clitoris 327

body of fornix 242

body of ilium 106

body of incus 71

body of ischium 107

body of mandible 62

body of pancreas 308

body of pubis 107, 331

body of stomach 305

body of uterus 323, 325, 326

body of vertebra 126

body or shaft of rib 81

bone 22

bone marrow 26

bone trabecula 12

bony nasal cavity 36, 40

bony nasal septum 47, 153, 155

bony palate 40, 44

brachail artery 187, 188, 275, 276

brachial plexus 275

brachial vein 276

brachialis 134, 140, 180, 184, 186, 187, 188, 190, 269

brachiocephalic artery 223, 254, 263, 264, 269, 270, 275

brachiocephalic vein 278

brachioradialis 132, 134, 142, 180, 184, 186, 190, 269, 276

brain 132, 311

 hepatic artery, branch of 309

hepatic portal vein, branch of 309

superior mesenteric artery, branches of 311

 bronchiole network, branching 298

breast 312

broad ligament 323

bronchial tree 293

bronchiole 295, 97

bronchiole cartilage 295

facial nerve, buccal branches 226

trigeminal nerve, buccal branch 228

buccinator 145, 146, 149, 151, 155, 227, 229

bulb of penis 328, 332, 333

bulb of vestibule 327

bulbospongiosus muscle 174, 327

bulbourethral gland 328, 332

C

calcaneal process 118

calcaneal sulcus 117

calcaneal tendon 197. 206, 207

calcaneal tubercle 117

calcaneal tuberosity 117

calcaneus 114

calcarine sulcus 238

canaliculi 12, 26

canine fossa 60

capillary 6, 255

capillary lumen 6

capitate 97, 99

capitulum 90, 134

cardia of stomach 305

cardiac muscle cell 15

cardiac notch 297

carotid canal 56

carotid sinus 216

carotid sulcus 58

carpal articular surface 94

carpal bones 27

carpal tunnel 194

carpals 30, 32, 84 cauda equina 214, 232

caudate lobe of liver 309, 312

caudate nucleus 241, 242, 245

cecum 301, 307, 310, 311, 323

celiac artery 256, 281, 320

celiac trunk 222

central canal of osteon 12, 26

central canal of spinal cord 232

central lobule 240

central sulcus 234, 238

central vein 309

cephalic vein 276

cerebellar fossa 54

cerebellar veins 272

cerebellum 214, 224, 227, 232, 234, 236, 238, 245, 248, 250, 251, 252, 291

cerebral aqueduct 240, 242, 245

cerebral crus 241

cerebral fossa 54

cerebral peduncle 224, 242, 252

cerebral veins 272

cerebrum 214, 227, 229, 232, 248, 251, 303

cervical dorsal rootlets 214

337

cervical lordosis 73

sympathetic trunk 272

cervical transverse process 272

cervical vertebra 213

cervical vertebra 1 - atlas 34

cervical vertebra 2 - axis 34

cervical vertebra 7 34

cervical vertebrae 73

cervical vertebral column 34

cervix of uterus 323, 325, 326

chief cell 255

choana or posterior nasal aperture 40, 44

chondrocyte in lacuna 12

chondrocyte nucleus 12

chorda tympani nerve 228

chordae tendineae 264

choroid plexus 224, 227, 245, 248

chromophobes 251

cilia 6

ciliary ganglion 224

ciliated columnar cells 325

cingulate gyrus 245

circular folds 307

circular gyrus 242

circumfl ex branch of left coronary 270

circumfl ex scapular artery 275

clavicle 30, 32, 84, 85, 133, 180, 184, 217, 269, 275

clavicular artery 275

clavicular facet 88

clavicular notch 82

clitoris 258, 318, 323, 326

clivus 49, 54

coccygeal cornu 78

coccyx 73, 174

cochlea 242

coeliac ganglion 222

coeliac trunk 269

coelom of testis 329

collagen fi ber 10, 12, 140

 of spinal nerve 220

collateral ligament of interphalangeal joint 128

collecting tubule 317

common bile duct 257, 308, 311 , 312

common carotid artery 168, 184, 213, 216, 229, 254, 271, 275, 293

common digital artery 276

common hepatic artery 269, 281, 320

common hepatic bile duct 311, 312

common iliac artery 256, 269, 281, 282, 284, 314, 320

common iliac vein 320

compact bone 19, 26, 29

conchal crest 66

condylar canal 54

condylar fossa 54

condylar process 62

confl uence of sinuses 214, 272

connective tissue 12

conoid tubercle 86

conus arteriosus branch 263, 270

conus medullaris 232

coracobrachialis 180, 182, 184, 186, 276

coracoid process 88, 182, 186

corona radiata 258, 324

coronary sinus 263, 270

coronoid fossa 90

coronoid process 62, 92

corpora quadrigemina 224

corpus callosum 227, 236, 242, 248, 250, 291

corpus cavernosum penis 328, 333

corpus luteum 258, 324

corpus spongiosum penis 328, 333

corpuscle of touch (meissner’s) 230

corrugator supercilii 145

costal cartilage 81

costal groove 81

costal impression 297

costal notches 82

costal pleura 173

costochondral (synchondrosis) 126

cranial bones 30, 32

cranial dura mater 247

cranial leptomeninges 247

cranium 34

cremaster fascia 331

cremaster muscle 329

crenated red blood cell 14

crest of body of rib 81

crest of greater tubercle 90

crest of head of rib 81

crest of lesser tubercle 90

cribriform foramina 64

cribriform plate 64

cricoid cartilage 153, 156, 213, 254, 293, 295

cricothyroid 151, 156, 168, 223, 254, 268, 293

crista galli 64

crista terminalis 264

crown of tooth 124

crura of clitoris 327

crura of diaphragm 256

crus of penis 332, 328, 333

cuboid 114, 118

cuboid tuberosity 118

culmen 240

cuneiform part of vomer 67

cutaneous nerve 24, 170

cystic bile duct 309, 311

cytoplasm 6, 8, 10

D

declive 240

deep (cavernous) artery of penis 333

deep artery of arm 275

deep artery of thigh 284

deep dorsal vein 333

deep external anal sphincter muscle 174

deep femoral artery 269

deep fi bular nerve 210

deep inguinal ring 331

deep palmar arch 276

deep perineal fascia 327

deep transverse perinei muscle 174, 332

deltoid 133, 142, 147, 160, 163, 168, 170, 173, 177, 178, 180, 184, 217, 275, 276

deltoid artery 275

deltoid tubercle 88

deltoid tuberosity 90

deltopectoral groove 276

dendrite 16, 213

dens 74

dense connective tissue of stratum reticulare 21

dense irregular connective tissue 19

dentate gyrus 242

depressor anguli oris 145, 146, 149

depressor labii inferioris 145, 146, 149

depressor supercilii 145

dermal papilla 21, 230

dermis 19, 22, 230

descending colon 281, 301, 307, 310

developing diaphysial bone 27

diaphragm 173, 218, 222, 256, 278, 281, 264, 293, 301, 308, 311, 312, 314, 320

diaphragmatic pleura 173

diaphragmatic surface of lung 297

diaphysis 29

diencephalon 234

digastric fossa 62

diploë 47

distal phalanx of foot 114

distal phalanx of hand 97

dorsal horn of gray matter 232

dorsal interossei of hand 190, 193, 194

dorsal interossei of foot 209

338

dorsal ramus of spinal nerve 213, 214, 215, 232

dorsal root ganglion 213, 232

dorsal root of spinal nerve 213, 232

dorsal rootlets 213

dorsal scapular artery 275

dorsal scapular nerve 217

dorsal tubercle of radius 94

dorsalis pedis artery 210

dorsolateral fasciculus 232

dorsum sellae 58

ductus deferens 320, 331, 332

duodenal end 307

duodenal-jejunal junction 310

duodenum 257, 281, 301, 308, 312,

dura mater 214, 229, 272

dural venous sinus 247

E

eccrine duct cell 23

eccrine secretory cell 23

eccrine sweat glands 22

eff erent lymphatic vessels 288

ejaculatory duct 333

elastic fi ber 10, 12

elastic lamella 10, 266

endocardium 264

endometrium 325

endomysium 140

endoneurium 213

endothelium of tunica intima 266

epicardium 264

epicranial aponeurosis 145, 147, 149

epidermis 19, 21, 22

epidermis 24, 230

epididymis 259, 329

epiglottis 153, 155, 156, 251, 291, 295, 303

epimysium 140

epineurium 213

epiphyses 29

epiphysial cartilage or primary cartilaginous joint 126

epiphysial line 29

epiploic foramen 312

epithelioreticular cell 253

eponychium (cuticle) 22

erythrocyte (red blood cell) 14, 262

esophageal hiatus 222, 278, 320

esophageal plexus 222, 268

esophagus 153, 173, 223, 254, 268, 278, 293, 301, 304, 311

ethmoid air cell 291

ethmoidal air cells 47, 64, 155, 291

ethmoidal bulla 64

ethmoidal groove 68

ethmoidal infundibulum 64

ethmoidal notch 50

ethmoidal process 69

exocrine acinus 257, 308

extensor carpi radialis brevis 190

extensor carpi radialis longus 180, 190

extensor carpi ulnaris 190

extensor digiti minimi 190

extensor digitorum 190

extensor digitorum brevis 205, 206, 210

extensor digitorum longus 205, 206, 210

extensor hallucis longus 205, 206, 210

extensor hallucis brevis 205, 210

extensor indicis 190

extensor pollicis brevis 190

extensor pollicis longus 190

extensor retinaculum 205

external acoustic meatus 56,132, 151, 229, 272

external capsule 242

external carotid artery 216, 227, 271

external iliac artery 135, 269, 282, 284, 331

external iliac vein 284

external intercostal 159, 160, 163, 167, 168, 170, 173, 180, 184, 215

external lamina of rectus sheath 170

external oblique 142, 159, 163, 177, 178, 180, 184, 215

external oblique aponeurosis 180

external oblique muscle (deep lamina) 167, 170, 173

external oblique muscle (superfi cial lamina) 167, 170, 173

external occipital protuberance 54

external pudendal vein 286

external spermatic fascia 329, 331

external table of calvaria 47

eye 224

F

facet for dens 74

facial artery 271

facial colliculus 241

facial nerve 224, 241, 242

falciform ligament 312

false ribs 81

falx cerebelli 224

falx cerebri 224, 227, 242, 245, 248, 251, 252

fascia 19, 24, 140

fascia lata 284, 286

fascia of gluteus medius muscle 159

fat storage vacuole of adipose cell 24

femoral artery 269, 284, 286, 288, 327

femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve 218, 221

femoral nerve 218, 286, 288, 320

femoral vein 284, 286, 288

femur 30, 32, 104, 128, 136, 199, 201,202, 206

fi broblast 10

fi bromuscular membrane 254, 295

fi brous membrane of joint capsule 128, 133, 136

fi brous pericardium 173, 264

fi bula 19, 30, 32, 104, 124, 128, 136, 206, 207

fi bular artery 286

fi bular articular facet 111

fi bular collateral ligament 136

fi bular notch 111

fi bular trochlea 117

fi bularis brevis 197, 205, 206, 207, 210

fi bularis longus 197, 205, 206, 207, 209, 210

fi bularis tertius 205, 206

fi lum terminale 214

fi mbriae 323, 324, 325

fi rst lumbar vertebra 232

fi rst rib 269, 275

fl exion crease line 21

fl exor carpi radialis 188, 190, 193

fl exor carpi ulnaris 188, 193

fl exor digiti minimi brevis of hand 138, 188, 193, 194

fl exor digiti minimi brevis of foot 209

fl exor digitorum brevis 207, 209

fl exor digitorum longus 197, 207, 209

fl exor digitorum profundus 138, 188, 193, 194, 276

fl exor digitorum superfi cialis 138, 188, 193, 194, 276

fl exor hallucis brevis 207, 209

fl exor hallucis longus 207, 209

fl exor pollicis brevis 188, 193, 194

fl exor pollicis longus 188, 190, 193

fl exor retinaculum 193

fl oating ribs 81

fl occulus 240, 241, 242

folia of cerebellum 240

follicle wall 22

follicular antrum 258. 324

follicular cell 254

footplate of stapes 71

foramen caecum 49

foramen lacerum 44, 49

foramen magnum 54

foramen ovale 58

foramen rotundum 58

foramen spinosum 58

fornix 236, 245

fossa for removed gallbladder 312