Anterior view, muscles removed to expose pronator quadratus
Posterior Antebrachial Muscles
antebrachium — the eight muscles of the lateral group that share a common attachment on or near the
compartment, all the muscles of the posterior antebrachium receive innervation via the radial nerve.
With a few exceptions, the muscles are extensors of either the elbow, wrist, or digits.
Posterior Antebrachial Muscles
4 Extensor carpi radialis longus
5 Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Superfi cial muscles of the right antebrachium
Deep muscles of the right antebrachium
Posterior view, lateral group muscles removed and hand pronated
Deep muscles of the right antebrachium
Anterolateral view, lateral group muscles removed and hand pronated
There are three muscle groups in the hand — the muscles of the thenar eminence
at the base of the thumb, the muscles of the hypothenar eminence at the base of
the little fi nger, and the three layers of intermetacarpal muscles that occupy the
all but three of the muscles in the hand.
Superfi cial muscles of the right hand
Intermediate muscles of the right hand
10 Flexor digitorum superficialis
Deep muscles of the right hand
1 Abductor pollicis brevis (cut)
2 Flexor pollicis brevis (cut)
12 Flexor digitorum superficialis
Th e design of the inferior limb
musculature is similar to that of the true limb muscles of the superior limb.
Th e major diff erence between the two limbs is that the proximal end of the
lower limb forms a direct skeletal attachment to the vertebral column via the
strong sacro-iliac joint, unlike the unattached scapula of the superior limb.
two additional features that are important to keep in mind when studying
this powerful locomotor limb. First, during development of the lower limb
the embryonic posterior muscles rotate and reposition themselves to the
there are three muscle compartments in the thigh and leg, as compared
to just two in the brachium and antebrachium. One of the two original
compartments in each lower limb segment (thigh and leg) splits to give
subdivided into posterior and medial compartments. Th e leg has a large
posterior compartment and a smaller anterior compartment and the
proper in their muscle compartments. Again, this greatly simplifi es the
Unlike the compartmental muscles of the lower limb proper, the proximal
muscles of the lower limb that surround the hip joint are a more diverse group of
muscles. Some are true limb muscles, while others are annexed muscles from the
trunk wall. We organize these hip muscles into three groups — the deep hip rotator
muscles, the gluteal muscles, and the hip fl exors.
muscle compartments. The developmental groups of muscles and their nerve supply are outlined below.
The muscles of the lower limb share similarities with their
upper limb counterparts, yet have important differences. As
you will notice in the groups below there are no homologues in
(Nerve supply - gluteal nerves, superior to maximus and inferior
to the other three; arise from lateral aspect of ilium and are prime
movers and stabilizers of hip joint)
(All are lateral rotators of the hip joint and insert on the medial
aspect of greater trochancter)
(Nerve supply - femoral nerve; major extensor group of the knee)
(Nerve supply - obturator nerve with exception of pectineus, which is
supplied by femoral nerve and condylar head of adductor magnus,
which is supplied by tibial nerve)
(Nerve supply - Tibial nerve with exception of short head of biceps
femoris, which is supplied by common fibular nerve)
(Nerve supply - deep fibular nerve)
(Nerve supply - superficial fibular nerve)
(Nerve supply - deep fibular nerve)
(Nerve supply - tibial nerve via its terminal branches, medial plantar
nerve supplies first lumbrical, abductor hallucis, flexor hallucis brevis,
and flexor digitorum brevis; lateral plantar nerve supplies all the others)
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