Content

Chapter 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Chapter 2 Histology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Chapter 3 Integument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Chapter 4 Skeletal System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Chapter 5 Axial Skeleton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Chapter 6 Appendicular Skeleton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Chapter 7 Articular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Chapter 8 Muscular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Chapter 9 Head Muscles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Chapter 10 Trunk Muscles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Chapter 11 Upper Limb Muscles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

Chapter 12 Lower Limb Muscles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Chapter 13 Peripheral Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

Chapter 14 Central Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

Chapter 15 Endocrine System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

Chapter 16 Cardiovascular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

Chapter 17 Respiratory System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

Chapter 18 Digestive System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

Chapter 19 Urinary System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

Chapter 20 Reproductive System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

iv

1 Introduction

Human anatomy is the science that deals with the

structure and design of the human body. A knowledge of anatomy is not only important for the anatomist, but is an essential tool for all the professionals who deal

with the human body in any of a variety of ways. Furthermore, everyone

can benefi t from a knowledge of anatomy because it is what we are, and

understanding our bodies can be invaluable.

Anatomy is an ancient science. Th e principal methods anatomists

used, and still use, to reveal what is known about anatomy are

 dissection and microscopy. Dissection involves the cutting apart of

a body to reveal its gross structure. Th is was the fi rst technique

used to discover the structure of the body and is still the best way

to truly understand the design and relationship of anatomical

detail. Th e best drawings, photos, and virtual images can never

reveal what the dissector experiences during a dissection. Th e

advent of the microscope expanded anatomical knowledge by

revealing microscopic perspectives that were not available

to the unaided eye. Th is understanding of microscopic

structure opened the door to an increased knowledge of

the functional aspects of anatomy.

In this atlas we attempt to teach the elegant structure

and design of the human body using the tools and

methods of the anatomist — dissection and microscopy.

While there are numerous excellent visual resources that

depict anatomy, we believe that, with the exception of

 personal dissection study, excellent photographs based on

excellent dissections and microscopy are the truest form of

anatomical imagery. Nothing depicts the actual thing as well

as the actual thing. Our goal is to create images that teach,

and to use that imagery to highlight the patterns and design

features of anatomy.

Th is atlas approaches the body from a systemic perspective; that is, it covers each body system and the organs associated

with that system. Each system is highlighted in the dissection photos.

However, the dissections of the systemic anatomy oft en reveal regional

 perspectives and relationships, and the structural details of regional

 anatomy are labeled on every image. Have fun exploring what we think

might be the next best thing to dissection.

Find more

information about

anatomy in

REAL ANATOMY

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