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a. Definition: A method of infection control in which

all human blood and certain human body fluids are

treated as if known to be contaminated with HIV,

hepatitis B virus, and other blood-borne pathogens.

b. Indications: Reasonably anticipated risk of skin, eye,

mucous membrane, or parenteral contact with


34 Section I ■ Preparation and Support

blood or other potentially infectious materials,

including semen, vaginal secretions, cerebrospinal

fluid, synovial fluid, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid,

peritoneal fluid, amniotic fluid, saliva, and any body

fluid that is visibly contaminated with blood.

c. Major components

(1) Use gloves when touching blood, body fluids,

mucous membranes, or nonintact skin and

when handling items or surfaces soiled with

blood or body fluids.

(2) Use a mask and eye protection during procedures that might generate splashing or droplets

in the air.

(3) Use a gown or a plastic apron when splashing of

blood or body fluid is likely.

(4) Wash hands carefully if they become contaminated with blood or body fluids.

(5) Take extraordinary care when handling needles

and other sharp objects, and dispose of them in

puncture-resistant containers.

Table 5.1 A Comparison of Commonly Used Antiseptics (8,9)

Considerations Alcohol (70%–90%) Iodine (1%) Iodophor Chlorhexidine

Hexachlorophene

(3%)

Chloroxylenol

(PCMX)

(0.5%–3.5%)

 1. Indications Hand washing

Skin preparation

minor procedures

Preparation of external auditory canal

Surgical hand

washing

Skin preparation

Surgical hand

washing

Skin preparation

Hand washing (4%)

Skin preparation

(0.5% in 70%

alcohol)

Hand washing

Use limited to term

infants during

epidemics of

MRSA

Hand washing

(active agent in

antimicrobial

soaps)

Skin and wound

disinfection

 2. Effective concentration

a. Nontoxic Yes Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism Yes

Local ototoxicity

CNS vacuolation Yes

b. Nonsensitizing Yes No Yes Yes Yes Low

c. Nonirritating Burns in preterm

neonates

No Yes Yes Yes Yes

 3. Mode of action Protein denaturation Oxidation Oxidation Cell wall disruption Cell wall disruption

Cell wall disruption and

enzyme inactivation

 4. Bactericidal Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes

 5. May be used with

detergent

No No Yes Yes Yes Neutralized by

nonionic surfactants

 6. Persistent local

action

No Yes Yes Yes Yes with repeated

use

Yes

 7. Effective against

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