a. Definition: A method of infection control in which
all human blood and certain human body fluids are
treated as if known to be contaminated with HIV,
hepatitis B virus, and other blood-borne pathogens.
b. Indications: Reasonably anticipated risk of skin, eye,
mucous membrane, or parenteral contact with
34 Section I ■ Preparation and Support
blood or other potentially infectious materials,
including semen, vaginal secretions, cerebrospinal
fluid, synovial fluid, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid,
peritoneal fluid, amniotic fluid, saliva, and any body
fluid that is visibly contaminated with blood.
(1) Use gloves when touching blood, body fluids,
mucous membranes, or nonintact skin and
when handling items or surfaces soiled with
(2) Use a mask and eye protection during procedures that might generate splashing or droplets
(3) Use a gown or a plastic apron when splashing of
blood or body fluid is likely.
(4) Wash hands carefully if they become contaminated with blood or body fluids.
(5) Take extraordinary care when handling needles
and other sharp objects, and dispose of them in
puncture-resistant containers.
Table 5.1 A Comparison of Commonly Used Antiseptics (8,9)
Considerations Alcohol (70%–90%) Iodine (1%) Iodophor Chlorhexidine
Preparation of external auditory canal
a. Nontoxic Yes Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism Yes
b. Nonsensitizing Yes No Yes Yes Yes Low
c. Nonirritating Burns in preterm
3. Mode of action Protein denaturation Oxidation Oxidation Cell wall disruption Cell wall disruption
4. Bactericidal Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes
No No Yes Yes Yes Neutralized by
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