114 Section IV ■ Miscellaneous Sampling

9. Withdraw the needle after urine is obtained. Apply gentle pressure over the puncture site with sterile gauze to

stop any bleeding.

10. Remove the needle and place a sterile cap on the

syringe or transfer urine to a sterile container to send

for culture.

F. Complications

Minor transient hematuria is the most commonly reported

complication, occurring in <1% to 10% of cases (7). Serious

complications are very rare, occurring in ≤0.2% of cases (12).

1. Bleeding

a. Transient macroscopic hematuria (blood-tinged

urine) (7)

b. Gross hematuria (7,23–25)

c. Abdominal wall hematoma (26)

d. Bladder wall hematoma (7,27)

e. Pelvic hematoma (28)

2. Infection

a. Abdominal wall abscess (29,30)

b. Sepsis (31,32)

c. Osteomyelitis of pubic bone (33,34)

3. Perforation

a. Bowel (30,32,35,36)

b. Pelvic organ (35)

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