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cooler than core temperature.

H. Complications

1. Tissue trauma caused by core temperature probe

a. Rectal or colonic perforation

b. Pneumoperitoneum

c. Peritonitis

2. Unsafe environmental temperature control caused by

unshielded skin probes or loosely adhered probe,

when monitoring is used to servoregulate temperature (Table 7.2)

References

1. AAP Committee on Environmental Health. Mercury in the environment: implications for pediatricians. Pediatrics. 2001;107:197.

2. Sganga A, Wallace R, Kiehl E, et al. A comparison of four methods of normal newborn temperature measurement. MCN Am J

Matern Child Nurs. 2000;25:76.

3. Hicks MA. A comparison of the tympanic and axillary temperatures of the preterm and term infant. J Perinatol. 1996;16:261.

4. Hissink Muller PC, van Berkel LH, de Beaufort AJ. Axillary and

rectal temperature measurements poorly agree in newborn

infants. Neonatology. 2008;94(1):31. Epub 2008 Jan 4.

5. Craig JV, Lancaster GA, Taylor S, et al. Infrared ear thermometry

compared with rectal thermometry in children: a systematic

review. Lancet. 2002;360:603.

6. Siberry GK, Diener-West M, Schappell E, et al. Comparison of

temple temperatures with rectal temperatures in children under

two years of age. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2002;41:405.

7. Weir MR, Weir TE. Are “hot” ears really hot? Am J Dis Child.

1989;143:763.

8. Haddock B, Vincent P, Merrow D. Axillary and rectal temperatures

of full-term neonates: are they different? Neonatal Netw. 1986;5:36.

9. Stephen SB, Sexton PR. Neonatal axillary temperatures: increases

in readings over time. Neonatal Netw. 1987;5:25.

10. Mayfield SR, Bhatia J, Nakamura KT, et al. Temperature measurements in term and preterm neonates. J Pediatr. 1984;104:271.

11. Greenbaum EI, Carson M, Kincannon WN, et al. Hazards of

temperature taking. Br Med J. 1970;3:4.

12. Greenbaum EI, Carson M, Kincannon WN, et al. Mercury vs.

electronic thermometers. Health Devices. 1972;2:3.

13. Weiss ME, Poelter D, Gocka I. Infrared tympanic thermometry

for neonatal temperature assessment. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal

Nurs. 1994;23:798.

14. Ferguson GT, Gohrke C, Mansfield L. The advantages of the

electronic thermometer. Hospitals. 1971;45:62.

15. Merenstein GB. Rectal perforation by thermometer. Lancet.

1970;1:1007.

16. Frank JD, Brown S. Thermometers and rectal perforations in the

neonate. Arch Dis Child. 1978;53:824.

17. Greenbaum EI, Carson M, Kincannon WN, et al. Rectal

thermometer-induced pneumoperitoneum in the newborn.

Pediatrics. 1969;44:539.

18. Belgaumbar TK, Scott K. Effects of low humidity on small premature infants in servocontrol incubators. Biol Neonate. 1975;26:348.

19. Friedman M, Baumgart S. Thermal regulation. In: MacDonald

MG, Mullett MD, Seshia MMK, eds. Neonatology:

Pathophysiology and Management of the Newborn. 6th ed.

Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005:445.

20. Dodman N. Newborn temperature control. Neonatal Netw.

1987;5:19.


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