BNF 78 Glaucoma and ocular hypertension 1183

Eye

11

▶ Pilocarpine nitrate (Bausch & Lomb UK Ltd)

Pilocarpine nitrate 20 mg per 1 ml Minims pilocarpine nitrate 2%

eye drops 0.5ml unit dose | 20 unit dose P £12.47 DT = £12.47

PROSTAGLANDIN ANALOGUES AND

PROSTAMIDES

Bimatoprost 08-Jun-2018

l INDICATIONS AND DOSE

Raised intra-ocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma |

Ocular hypertension

▶ TO THE EYE

▶ Adult: Apply once daily, to be administered preferably

in the evening

l CAUTIONS Angle-closure glaucoma (no experience of use) . aphakia . asthma . chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . compromised respiratory function . congenital glaucoma

(no experience of use). contact lens wearers . history of


BNF 78 (British National Formulary)06











▶ Olanzapine decreases the effects of levodopa. Avoid or monitor

worsening parkinsonian symptoms.rAnecdotal → Also see

TABLE 8 p. 1376

▶ Opicapone

o

increases the exposure to levodopa. Adjust dose.

Study

▶ Paliperidone

r

is predicted to decrease the effects of levodopa.

Theoretical → Also see TABLE 8 p. 1376

▶ Phenothiazines decrease the effects of levodopa. Avoid or

monitor worsening parkinsonian symptoms.rStudy →

Also see TABLE 8 p. 1376

▶ Pimozide decreases the effects of levodopa.rTheoretical →

Also see TABLE 8 p. 1376

▶ Quetiapine

Anecdotal →

decreases the effects of

Also see TABLE 8 p. 1376

levodopa.r

▶ Risperidone is predicted to decrease the effects of levodopa.

Avoid or adjust dose.rAnecdotal → Also see TABLE 8 p. 1376

▶ Sulpiride is predicted to decrease the effects of levodopa.

Avoid.rTheoretical → Also see TABLE 8 p. 1376

▶ Tetrabenazine is predicted to decrease the effects of levodopa.

Use with caution or avoid.oTheoretical

▶ Tolcapone increases the exposure to levodopa. Monitor and

adjust dose.oStudy

▶ Tryptophan

o

greatly decreases the concentration of levodopa.

Study

▶ Zuclopenthixol is predicted to decrease the effects of levodopa.

Avoid or monitor worsening parkinsonian symptoms.

Theoretical → Also see TABLE 8 p. 1376

r

Levofloxacin → see quinolones

Levofolinic acid → see folates

Levomepromazine → see phenothiazines

Levonorgestrel

▶ Antiepileptics (carbamazepine, eslicarbazepine, fosphenytoin,

oxcarbazepine, perampanel, phenobarbital, phenytoin,

primidone, rufinamide, topiramate) are predicted to decrease

the efficacy of levonorgestrel. For FSRH guidance, see

Contraceptives, interactions p. 794.rTheoretical

▶ Aprepitant is predicted to decrease the efficacy of

levonorgestrel. For FSRH guidance, see Contraceptives,

interactions p. 794.rTheoretical

▶ Bosentan is predicted to decrease the efficacy of

levonorgestrel. For FSRH guidance, see Contraceptives,

interactions p. 794.rTheoretical

▶ Efavirenz is predicted to decrease the efficacy of

levonorgestrel. For FSRH guidance, see Contraceptives,

interactions p. 794.rTheoretical

▶ Fosaprepitant is predicted to decrease the efficacy of

levonorgestrel. For FSRH guidance, see Contraceptives,

interactions p. 794.rTheoretical

▶ Griseofulvin potentially decreases the efficacy of oral

levonorgestrel. For FSRH guidance, see Contraceptives,

interactions p. 794.rAnecdotal

▶ HIV-protease inhibitors (ritonavir) are predicted to decrease the

efficacy of levonorgestrel. For FSRH guidance, see

Contraceptives, interactions p. 794.rTheoretical

▶ Lumacaftor is predicted to decrease the efficacy of

levonorgestrel

r

. Use additional contraceptive precautions.

Theoretical

▶ Modafinil is predicted to decrease the efficacy of

levonorgestrel. For FSRH guidance, see Contraceptives,

interactions p. 794.rTheoretical

▶ Nevirapine is predicted to decrease the efficacy of

levonorgestrel. For FSRH guidance, see Contraceptives,

interactions p. 794.rTheoretical

▶ Rifabutin is predicted to decrease the efficacy of

levonorgestrel. For FSRH guidance, see Contraceptives,

interactions p. 794.rTheoretical

▶ Rifampicin is predicted to decrease the efficacy of

levonorgestrel. For FSRH guidance, see Contraceptives,

interactions p. 794.rTheoretical

▶ St John’s Wort is predicted to decrease the efficacy of

levonorgestrel. MHRA advises avoid. For FSRH guidance, see

Contraceptives, interactions p. 794.rTheoretical

▶ Sugammadex is predicted to decrease the exposure to

levonorgestrel

r

. Use additional contraceptive precautions.

Theoretical

▶ Ulipristal is predicted to decrease the efficacy of

levonorgestrel. Avoid.rTheoretical

Levothyroxine → see thyroid hormones

Lidocaine → see antiarrhythmics

Linagliptin → see TABLE 14 p. 1378 (antidiabetic drugs)

▶ Antiepileptics (carbamazepine, fosphenytoin, phenobarbital,

phenytoin, primidone) are predicted to decrease the exposure

to linagliptin.oStudy

▶ Enzalutamide is predicted to decrease the exposure to

linagliptin.oStudy

▶ Linagliptin is predicted to increase the exposure to lomitapide.

Separate administration by 12 hours.oTheoretical

▶ Mitotane

o

is predicted to decrease the exposure to linagliptin.

Study

▶ Rifampicin

o

is predicted to decrease the exposure to linagliptin.

Study

Linezolid → see TABLE 15 p. 1378 (myelosuppression), TABLE 13 p. 1378

(serotonin syndrome)

FOOD AND LIFESTYLE Patients taking linezolid should avoid

consuming large amounts of tyramine-rich foods (such as

mature cheese, salami, pickled herring, Bovril ®, Oxo ®,

Marmite ® or any similar meat or yeast extract or fermented

soya bean extract, and some beers, lagers or wines).

▶ Beta2 agonists are predicted to increase the risk of elevated

blood pressure when given with

Theoretical

linezolid. Avoid.r

▶ Bupropion is predicted to increase the risk of intraoperative

hypertension when given with linezolid.rAnecdotal → Also

see TABLE 13 p. 1378

▶ Buspirone is predicted to increase the risk of elevated blood

pressure when given with linezolid. Avoid.rTheoretical →

Also see TABLE 13 p. 1378

▶ Levodopa is predicted to increase the risk of elevated blood

pressure when given with linezolid. Avoid.rTheoretical

▶ Macrolides

o

(clarithromycin) increase the exposure to linezolid.

Anecdotal

▶ Methylphenidate is predicted to increase the risk of elevated

blood pressure when given with

Theoretical

linezolid. Avoid.r

▶ Moclobemide is predicted to increase the risk of side-effects

when given with linezolid. Avoid and for 14 days after

stopping moclobemide.rTheoretical → Also see TABLE 13

p. 1378

▶ Monoamine-oxidase A and B inhibitors, irreversible are

predicted to increase the risk of side-effects when given with

linezolid

r

. Avoid and for 14 days after stopping the MAOI.

Theoretical → Also see TABLE 13 p. 1378

▶ Monoamine-oxidase B inhibitors (rasagiline, selegiline) are

predicted to increase the risk of side-effects when given with

linezolid

r

. Avoid and for 14 days after stopping the MAOI.

Theoretical → Also see TABLE 13 p. 1378

▶ Monoamine-oxidase B inhibitors (safinamide) are predicted to

increase the risk of side-effects when given with linezolid.

Avoid and for 1 week after stopping

Theoretical → Also see TABLE 13 p. 1378

safinamide.r

▶ Reboxetine is predicted to increase the risk of a hypertensive

crisis when given with linezolid. Avoid.rTheoretical

▶ Rifampicin

o

slightly decreases the exposure to linezolid.

Study

▶ Sympathomimetics, inotropic are predicted to increase the risk

of elevated blood pressure when given with

r

linezolid. Avoid.

Theoretical

▶ Sympathomimetics, vasoconstrictor (adrenaline/epinephrine,

ephedrine, isometheptene, noradrenaline/norepinephrine,

phenylephrine) are predicted to increase the risk of elevated

blood pressure when given with

Theoretical

linezolid. Avoid.r

▶ Sympathomimetics, vasoconstrictor (pseudoephedrine) increase

the risk of elevated blood pressure when given with linezolid.

Avoid.rStudy

Liothyronine → see thyroid hormones

Liraglutide → see TABLE 14 p. 1378 (antidiabetic drugs)

Lisdexamfetamine → see amfetamines

Lisinopril → see ACE inhibitors

BNF 78 Levodopa — Lisinopril 1479

Interactions | Appendix 1

A1

Lithium → see TABLE 13 p. 1378 (serotonin syndrome), TABLE 9 p. 1377

(QT-interval prolongation)

▶ ACE inhibitors are predicted to increase the concentration of

lithium. Monitor and adjust dose.rAnecdotal

▶ Acetazolamide

Anecdotal

alters the concentration of lithium.r

▶ Aldosterone antagonists (eplerenone) potentially increase the

concentration of lithium. Avoid.oTheoretical

▶ Aldosterone antagonists (spironolactone) potentially increase

the concentration of lithium.oStudy

▶ Aminophylline is predicted to decrease the concentration of

lithium.oTheoretical

▶ Angiotensin-II receptor antagonists potentially increase the

concentration of lithium. Monitor concentration and adjust

dose.rAnecdotal

▶ Antiepileptics (carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine) are predicted to

increase the risk of neurotoxicity when given with

r

lithium.

Anecdotal

▶ Calcitonin (salmon) decreases the concentration of lithium.

Monitor concentration and adjust dose.oStudy

▶ Calcium channel blockers (diltiazem, verapamil) are predicted to

increase the risk of neurotoxicity when given with

r

lithium.

Anecdotal

▶ Loop diuretics increase the concentration of lithium. Monitor

and adjust dose.rStudy

▶ Methyldopa increases the risk of neurotoxicity when given

with lithium.rAnecdotal

▶ Mexiletine

q

potentially affects the exposure to lithium. Avoid.

Theoretical

▶ NSAIDs increase the concentration of lithium. Monitor and

adjust dose.rStudy

▶ Phenothiazines potentially increase the risk of neurotoxicity

when given with lithium.rAnecdotal → Also see TABLE 9

p. 1377

▶ Potassium-sparing diuretics (triamterene) potentially increase

the clearance of lithium.oStudy

▶ Quetiapine potentially increases the risk of neurotoxicity

when given with lithium.rAnecdotal

▶ Risperidone potentially increases the risk of neurotoxicity

when given with lithium.rAnecdotal → Also see TABLE 9

p. 1377

▶ Sodium bicarbonate

r

decreases the concentration of lithium.

Anecdotal

▶ Sulpiride potentially increases the risk of neurotoxicity when

given with lithium.rAnecdotal → Also see TABLE 9 p. 1377

▶ Theophylline is predicted to decrease the concentration of

lithium

Anecdotal

. Monitor concentration and adjust dose.o ▶ Thiazide diuretics increase the concentration of lithium. Avoid

or adjust dose and monitor concentration.rStudy

▶ Tricyclic antidepressants potentially increase the risk of

neurotoxicity when given with lithium.rAnecdotal → Also

see TABLE 13 p. 1378 → Also see TABLE 9 p. 1377

▶ Zuclopenthixol potentially increases the risk of neurotoxicity

when given with lithium.rAnecdotal → Also see TABLE 9

p. 1377

Live vaccines

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine .influenza vaccine (live) . measles,

mumps and rubella vaccine, live .rotavirus vaccine .typhoid

vaccine, oral .varicella-zoster vaccine .yellow fever vaccine, live.

GENERAL INFORMATION Oral typhoid vaccine is inactivated by

concurrent administration of antibacterials or

antimalarials: antibacterials should be avoided for 3 days

before and after oral typhoid vaccination; mefloquine should

be avoided for at least 12 hours before or after oral typhoid

vaccination; for other antimalarials oral typhoid vaccine

vaccination should be completed at least 3 days before the

first dose of the antimalarial (except proguanil hydrochloride

with atovaquone, which can be given concurrently).

▶ Live vaccines are predicted to increase the risk of generalised

infection (possibly life-threatening) when given with

abatacept. Public Health England advises avoid (refer to Green

Book).rTheoretical

▶ Live vaccines are predicted to increase the risk of generalised

infection (possibly life-threatening) when given with

alkylating agents. Public Health England advises avoid (refer

to Green Book).rTheoretical

▶ Live vaccines are predicted to increase the risk of generalised

infection (possibly life-threatening) when given with

amsacrine. Public Health England advises avoid (refer to

Green Book).rTheoretical

▶ Live vaccines are predicted to increase the risk of generalised

infection (possibly life-threatening) when given with

anakinra. Public Health England advises avoid (refer to Green

Book).rTheoretical

▶ Live vaccines are predicted to increase the risk of generalised

infection (possibly life-threatening) when given with

anthracyclines. Public Health England advises avoid (refer to

Green Book).rTheoretical

▶ Live vaccines are predicted to increase the risk of generalised

infection (possibly life-threatening) when given with

azathioprine (high-dose). Public Health England advises avoid

(refer to Green Book).rTheoretical

▶ Live vaccines are predicted to increase the risk of generalised

infection (possibly life-threatening) when given with

baricitinib. Avoid.rTheoretical

▶ Live vaccines are predicted to increase the risk of generalised

infection (possibly life-threatening) when given with

belatacept. Public Health England advises avoid (refer to

Green Book).rTheoretical

▶ Live vaccines are predicted to increase the risk of generalised

infection (possibly life-threatening) when given with

bleomycin. Public Health England advises avoid (refer to

Green Book).rTheoretical

▶ Live vaccines are predicted to increase the risk of generalised

infection (possibly life-threatening) when given with

capecitabine. Public Health England advises avoid (refer to

Green Book).rTheoretical

▶ Live vaccines are predicted to increase the risk of generalised

infection (possibly life-threatening) when given with

ciclosporin. Public Health England advises avoid (refer to

Green Book).rTheoretical

▶ Live vaccines are predicted to increase the risk of generalised

infection (possibly life-threatening) when given with

cladribine. Public Health England advises avoid (refer to Green

Book).rTheoretical

▶ Live vaccines are predicted to increase the risk of generalised

infection (possibly life-threatening) when given with

clofarabine. Public Health England advises avoid (refer to

Green Book).rTheoretical

▶ Live vaccines are predicted to increase the risk of generalised

infection (possibly life-threatening) when given with

corticosteroids (high-dose). Public Health England advises

avoid (refer to Green Book).rTheoretical

▶ Live vaccines are predicted to increase the risk of generalised

infection (possibly life-threatening) when given with

cytarabine. Public Health England advises avoid (refer to

Green Book).rTheoretical

▶ Live vaccines are predicted to increase the risk of generalised

infection (possibly life-threatening) when given with

dactinomycin. Public Health England advises avoid (refer to

Green Book).rTheoretical

▶ Live vaccines are predicted to increase the risk of generalised

infection (possibly life-threatening) when given with dimethyl

fumarate. Public Health England advises avoid (refer to Green

Book).rTheoretical

▶ Live vaccines are predicted to increase the risk of generalised

infection (possibly life-threatening) when given with

etanercept. Public Health England advises avoid (refer to

Green Book).rTheoretical

▶ Live vaccines are predicted to increase the risk of generalised

infection (possibly life-threatening) when given with

etoposide. Public Health England advises avoid (refer to Green

Book).rTheoretical

▶ Live vaccines are predicted to increase the risk of generalised

infection (possibly life-threatening) when given with

everolimus. Public Health England advises avoid (refer to

Green Book).rTheoretical

1480 Lithium — Live vaccines BNF 78

Interactions | Appendix 1

A1

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