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valganciclovir.

Theoretical → Also see TABLE 15 p. 1378

Valproate → see antiepileptics

Valsartan → see angiotensin-II receptor antagonists

Vancomycin → see TABLE 2 p. 1375 (nephrotoxicity), TABLE 19 p. 1379

(ototoxicity)

Vandetanib → see TABLE 9 p. 1377 (QT-interval prolongation)

▶ Antiepileptics (carbamazepine, fosphenytoin, phenobarbital,

phenytoin, primidone) are predicted to decrease the exposure

to vandetanib. Avoid.oStudy

▶ Vandetanib is predicted to increase the risk of bleeding events

when given with coumarins.rTheoretical

▶ Vandetanib slightly increases the exposure to digoxin. Monitor

ECG and adjust dose.oStudy

▶ Vandetanib is predicted to increase the exposure to dopamine

receptor agonists (pramipexole). Adjust dose.oStudy

▶ Enzalutamide is predicted to decrease the exposure to

vandetanib. Avoid.oStudy

▶ Vandetanib increases the exposure to metformin. Monitor and

adjust dose.oStudy

▶ Mitotane is predicted to decrease the exposure to vandetanib.

Avoid.oStudy

▶ Vandetanib is predicted to increase the risk of bleeding events

when given with phenindione.rTheoretical

BNF 78 Trospium — Vandetanib 1549

Interactions | Appendix 1

A1

Vandetanib (continued)

▶ Rifampicin is predicted to decrease the exposure to

vandetanib. Avoid.oStudy

Vardenafil → see phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors

Varicella-zoster immunoglobulin → see immunoglobulins

Varicella-zoster vaccine → see live vaccines

Vedolizumab → see monoclonal antibodies

Velpatasvir

▶ Velpatasvir

r

is predicted to increase the exposure to aliskiren.

Theoretical

▶ Antacids are predicted to decrease the concentration of

velpatasvir

Theoretical

. Separate administration by 4 hours.o ▶ Antiarrhythmics (amiodarone) are predicted to increase the

concentration of

Theoretical

velpatasvir. Avoid or monitor.o ▶ Antiepileptics (carbamazepine, fosphenytoin, phenobarbital,

phenytoin, primidone) are predicted to moderately decrease

the exposure to velpatasvir. Avoid.rStudy

▶ Antiepileptics (oxcarbazepine) are predicted to decrease the

exposure to velpatasvir. Avoid.rTheoretical

▶ Velpatasvir is predicted to increase the exposure to

antihistamines, non-sedating (fexofenadine).rTheoretical

▶ Bosentan is predicted to decrease the exposure to velpatasvir.

Avoid.oTheoretical

▶ Calcium salts (calcium carbonate) are predicted to decrease the

concentration of velpatasvir. Separate administration by

4 hours.oAnecdotal

▶ Velpatasvir

r

is predicted to increase the exposure to colchicine.

Theoretical

▶ Velpatasvir

r

increases the exposure to dabigatran. Avoid.

Study

▶ Velpatasvir

r

is predicted to increase the exposure to digoxin.

Study

▶ Velpatasvir

r

is predicted to increase the exposure to edoxaban.

Theoretical

▶ Efavirenz is predicted to decrease the exposure to velpatasvir.

Avoid.oTheoretical

▶ Enzalutamide is predicted to moderately decrease the

exposure to velpatasvir. Avoid.rStudy

▶ Velpatasvir is predicted to increase the exposure to

everolimus.rTheoretical

▶ H2 receptor antagonists are predicted to decrease the

concentration of velpatasvir. Adjust dose, see sofosbuvir with

velpatasvir p. 629.oStudy

▶ HIV-protease inhibitors (tipranavir) are predicted to increase the

exposure to velpatasvir.rTheoretical

▶ Velpatasvir is predicted to increase the exposure to

loperamide.rTheoretical

▶ Mitotane is predicted to moderately decrease the exposure to

velpatasvir. Avoid.rStudy

▶ Modafinil is predicted to decrease the exposure to velpatasvir.

Avoid.rTheoretical

▶ Nevirapine is predicted to decrease the exposure to velpatasvir.

Avoid.oTheoretical

▶ Proton pump inhibitors are predicted to decrease the

concentration of velpatasvir. Adjust dose, see sofosbuvir with

velpatasvir p. 629.oStudy

▶ Rifampicin is predicted to moderately decrease the exposure

to velpatasvir. Avoid.rStudy

▶ Velpatasvir

r

is predicted to increase the exposure to sirolimus.

Theoretical

▶ St John’s Wort is predicted to decrease the exposure to

velpatasvir. Avoid.oTheoretical

▶ Velpatasvir is predicted to increase the exposure to statins

(atorvastatin). Avoid.rStudy

▶ Velpatasvir increases the exposure to statins (rosuvastatin).

Adjust

r

rosuvastatin dose and monitor side effects, p. 204.

Study

▶ Velpatasvir is predicted to increase the exposure to statins

(simvastatin)

Theoretical

. Monitor side effects and adjust dose.r

▶ Velpatasvir is predicted to increase the exposure to

sulfasalazine.oTheoretical

▶ Velpatasvir is predicted to increase the exposure to taxanes

(paclitaxel).rTheoretical

▶ Velpatasvir is predicted to increase the exposure to tenofovir

disoproxil.rStudy

▶ Velpatasvir

r

is predicted to increase the exposure to topotecan.

Theoretical

Vemurafenib → see TABLE 9 p. 1377 (QT-interval prolongation)

▶ Vemurafenib is predicted to increase the exposure to afatinib.

Separate administration by 12 hours.oStudy

▶ Vemurafenib is predicted to increase the exposure to aliskiren.

Use with caution and adjust dose.oTheoretical

▶ Antiepileptics (carbamazepine, fosphenytoin, phenobarbital,

phenytoin, primidone) are predicted to decrease the exposure

to vemurafenib. Avoid.rTheoretical

▶ Antifungals, azoles (itraconazole, ketoconazole, voriconazole) are

predicted to increase the exposure to

Theoretical → Also see TABLE 9 p. 1377

vemurafenib.r

▶ Vemurafenib is predicted to increase the exposure to beta

blockers, non-selective (nadolol).oStudy

▶ Vemurafenib is predicted to increase the exposure to

bictegravir. Use with caution or avoid.oTheoretical

▶ Cobicistat is predicted to increase the exposure to

vemurafenib.rTheoretical

▶ Vemurafenib is predicted to increase the exposure to

colchicine

Theoretical

. Avoid or adjust colchicine dose, p. 1120.r

▶ Vemurafenib increases the exposure to dabigatran. Use with

caution and adjust dose.rTheoretical

▶ Vemurafenib is predicted to slightly increase the exposure to

edoxaban.rTheoretical

▶ Enzalutamide is predicted to decrease the exposure to

vemurafenib. Avoid.rTheoretical

▶ Vemurafenib

o

is predicted to increase the exposure to erlotinib.

Theoretical

▶ Vemurafenib is predicted to increase the exposure to

fidaxomicin. Avoid.oStudy

▶ HIV-protease inhibitors are predicted to increase the exposure

to vemurafenib.rTheoretical → Also see TABLE 9 p. 1377

▶ Idelalisib

r

is predicted to increase the exposure to vemurafenib.

Theoretical

▶ Macrolides (clarithromycin) are predicted to increase the

exposure to vemurafenib.rTheoretical → Also see TABLE 9

p. 1377

▶ Mitotane is predicted to decrease the exposure to vemurafenib.

Avoid.rTheoretical

▶ Vemurafenib is predicted to increase the exposure to

nintedanib.oStudy

▶ Vemurafenib is predicted to increase the exposure to

panobinostat. Adjust dose.oTheoretical → Also see

TABLE 9 p. 1377

▶ Vemurafenib is predicted to increase the exposure to

pibrentasvir.oTheoretical

▶ Rifampicin is predicted to decrease the exposure to

vemurafenib. Avoid.rTheoretical

▶ Vemurafenib is predicted to increase the exposure to

ticagrelor. Use with caution or avoid.rStudy

▶ Vemurafenib is predicted to increase the exposure to

topotecan.rStudy

▶ Vemurafenib is predicted to increase the concentration of

trametinib.oTheoretical

▶ Vemurafenib is predicted to increase the exposure to

venetoclax. Avoid or monitor for toxicity.rTheoretical

Venetoclax

FOOD AND LIFESTYLE Avoid Seville (bitter orange) and star fruit

as they might increase the exposure to venetoclax.

▶ Antiarrhythmics (amiodarone) are predicted to increase the

exposure to

Theoretical

venetoclax. Avoid or monitor for toxicity.r

▶ Antiarrhythmics (dronedarone) are predicted to increase the

exposure to venetoclax. Avoid or adjust dose—consult product

literature.rStudy

▶ Antiepileptics (carbamazepine, fosphenytoin, phenobarbital,

phenytoin, primidone) are predicted to decrease the exposure

to venetoclax. Avoid.rStudy

1550 Vandetanib — Venetoclax BNF 78

Interactions | Appendix 1

A1

▶ Antifungals, azoles (fluconazole, isavuconazole, itraconazole,

ketoconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole) are predicted to

increase the exposure to venetoclax. Avoid or adjust dose—

consult product literature.rStudy

▶ Venetoclax is predicted to increase the exposure to

antihistamines, non-sedating (fexofenadine).oTheoretical

▶ Aprepitant is predicted to increase the exposure to venetoclax.

Avoid or adjust dose—consult product literature.rStudy

▶ Bosentan is predicted to decrease the exposure to venetoclax.

Avoid.rStudy

▶ Venetoclax

o

is predicted to increase the exposure to bosentan.

Theoretical

▶ Calcium channel blockers (diltiazem, verapamil) are predicted to

increase the exposure to venetoclax. Avoid or adjust dose—

consult product literature.rStudy

▶ Ciclosporin is predicted to increase the exposure to venetoclax.

Avoid or monitor for toxicity.rTheoretical

▶ Cobicistat is predicted to increase the exposure to venetoclax.

Avoid or adjust dose—consult product literature.rStudy

▶ Venetoclax slightly increases the exposure to coumarins

(warfarin).oStudy

▶ Crizotinib is predicted to increase the exposure to venetoclax.

Avoid or adjust dose—consult product literature.rStudy

▶ Venetoclax is predicted to increase the exposure to dabigatran.

Avoid or adjust dose.rStudy

▶ Venetoclax increases the exposure to digoxin. Avoid or adjust

dose.rStudy

▶ Efavirenz is predicted to decrease the exposure to venetoclax.

Avoid.rStudy

▶ Enzalutamide is predicted to decrease the exposure to

venetoclax. Avoid.rStudy

▶ Venetoclax is predicted to increase the exposure to everolimus.

Avoid or adjust dose.rStudy

▶ Grapefruit juice is predicted to increase the exposure to

venetoclax. Avoid.rTheoretical

▶ HIV-protease inhibitors are predicted to increase the exposure

to venetoclax. Avoid or adjust dose—consult product

literature.rStudy

▶ Idelalisib is predicted to increase the exposure to venetoclax.

Avoid or adjust dose—consult product literature.rStudy

▶ Imatinib is predicted to increase the exposure to venetoclax.

Avoid or adjust dose—consult product literature.rStudy

▶ Lapatinib is predicted to increase the exposure to venetoclax.

Avoid or monitor for toxicity.rTheoretical

▶ Venetoclax potentially decreases the efficacy of live vaccines.

Avoid.rTheoretical

▶ Macrolides (clarithromycin, erythromycin) are predicted to

increase the exposure to venetoclax. Avoid or adjust dose—

consult product literature.rStudy

▶ Mitotane is predicted to decrease the exposure to venetoclax.

Avoid.rStudy

▶ Netupitant is predicted to increase the exposure to venetoclax.

Avoid or adjust dose—consult product literature.rStudy

▶ Nevirapine is predicted to decrease the exposure to venetoclax.

Avoid.rStudy

▶ Nilotinib is predicted to increase the exposure to venetoclax.

Avoid or adjust dose—consult product literature.rStudy

▶ Ranolazine is predicted to increase the exposure to venetoclax.

Avoid or monitor for toxicity.rTheoretical

▶ Venetoclax

o

is predicted to increase the exposure to repaglinide.

Theoretical

▶ Rifampicin is predicted to decrease the exposure to venetoclax.

Avoid.rStudy

▶ Venetoclax is predicted to increase the exposure to sirolimus.

Avoid or adjust dose.rStudy

▶ St John’s Wort is predicted to decrease the exposure to

venetoclax. Avoid.rStudy

▶ Venetoclax is predicted to increase the exposure to statins

(atorvastatin).oStudy

▶ Venetoclax is predicted to increase the exposure to statins

(fluvastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin)

Theoretical

.o ▶ Venetoclax is predicted to increase the exposure to

sulfasalazine.oTheoretical

▶ Venetoclax is predicted to increase the exposure to

sulfonylureas (glibenclamide).oTheoretical

▶ Venetoclax

o

is predicted to increase the exposure to topotecan.

Theoretical

▶ Vemurafenib is predicted to increase the exposure to

venetoclax. Avoid or monitor for toxicity.rTheoretical

Venlafaxine → see TABLE 13 p. 1378 (serotonin syndrome), TABLE 9

p. 1377 (QT-interval prolongation), TABLE 11 p. 1377 (CNS depressant

effects), TABLE 4 p. 1375 (antiplatelet effects)

▶ Antifungals, azoles (itraconazole, ketoconazole, voriconazole) are

predicted to increase the exposure to

Study → Also see TABLE 9 p. 1377

venlafaxine.o ▶ Cobicistat

o

is predicted to increase the exposure to venlafaxine.

Study

▶ H2 receptor antagonists (cimetidine) slightly increase the

exposure to venlafaxine.nStudy

▶ Venlafaxine

r

slightly increases the exposure to haloperidol.

Study → Also see TABLE 9 p. 1377 → Also see TABLE 11 p. 1377

▶ HIV-protease inhibitors are predicted to increase the exposure

to venlafaxine.oStudy → Also see TABLE 9 p. 1377

▶ Idelalisib

o

is predicted to increase the exposure to venlafaxine.

Study

▶ Macrolides (clarithromycin) are predicted to increase the

exposure to venlafaxine.oStudy → Also see TABLE 9

p. 1377

▶ Venlafaxine is predicted to increase the exposure to pitolisant.

Use with caution and adjust dose.nTheoretical

▶ Tacrolimus potentially increases the risk of serotonin

syndrome when given with venlafaxine.rAnecdotal

Verapamil → see calcium channel blockers

Verteporfin

GENERAL INFORMATION Caution on concurrent use with other

photosensitising drugs.

Vigabatrin → see antiepileptics

Vilanterol → see beta2 agonists

Vildagliptin → see TABLE 14 p. 1378 (antidiabetic drugs)

Vinblastine → see vinca alkaloids

Vinca alkaloids → see TABLE 1 p. 1375 (hepatotoxicity), TABLE 15 p. 1378

(myelosuppression), TABLE 19 p. 1379 (ototoxicity), TABLE 12 p. 1378

(peripheral neuropathy), TABLE 5 p. 1375 (thromboembolism), TABLE 9

p. 1377 (QT-interval prolongation)

vinblastine .vincristine .vindesine .vinflunine .vinorelbine. ▶ Antiarrhythmics (dronedarone) are predicted to increase the

exposure to vinca alkaloids.rTheoretical → Also see TABLE 9

p. 1377

▶ Antiepileptics (carbamazepine, fosphenytoin, phenobarbital,

phenytoin, primidone) are predicted to decrease the exposure

to vinflunine. Avoid.rTheoretical → Also see TABLE 12 p. 1378

▶ Antiepileptics (carbamazepine, fosphenytoin, phenobarbital,

phenytoin, primidone) are predicted to decrease the exposure

to vinorelbine. Use with caution or avoid.rTheoretical →

Also see TABLE 12 p. 1378

▶ Antiepileptics (carbamazepine, fosphenytoin, phenobarbital,

phenytoin, primidone) are predicted to decrease the exposure

to

Theoretical

vinca alkaloids

→ Also see

(vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine)

TABLE 1 p. 1375 → Also see TABLE 12

.r

p. 1378

▶ Antifungals, azoles (fluconazole, isavuconazole, itraconazole,

ketoconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole) are predicted to

increase the exposure to vinca alkaloids.rTheoretical →

Also see TABLE 1 p. 1375 → Also see TABLE 9 p. 1377

▶ Antifungals, azoles (miconazole) are predicted to increase the

concentration of vinca alkaloids. Use with caution and adjust

dose.oTheoretical

▶ Aprepitant is predicted to increase the exposure to vinca

alkaloids.rTheoretical

▶ Asparaginase potentially increases the risk of neurotoxicity

when given with vincristine.Vincristine should be taken

3 to 24 hours before asparaginase.rAnecdotal → Also see

TABLE 1 p. 1375 → Also see TABLE 15 p. 1378

▶ Calcium channel blockers (diltiazem, verapamil) are predicted to

increase the exposure to vinca alkaloids.rTheoretical

▶ Cobicistat is predicted to increase the exposure to vinca

alkaloids.rTheoretical

BNF 78 Venetoclax — Vinca alkaloids 1551

Interactions | Appendix 1

A1

Vinca alkaloids (continued)

▶ Crisantaspase potentially increases the risk of neurotoxicity

when given with vincristine.Vincristine should be taken

3 to 24 hours before crisantaspase.rAnecdotal → Also see

TABLE 1 p. 1375 → Also see TABLE 15 p. 1378

▶ Crizotinib is predicted to increase the exposure to vinca

alkaloids.rTheoretical → Also see TABLE 15 p. 1378 → Also see

TABLE 9 p. 1377

▶ Enzalutamide is predicted to decrease the exposure to vinca

alkaloids (vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine).rTheoretical

▶ Enzalutamide is predicted to decrease the exposure to

vinflunine. Avoid.rTheoretical

▶ Enzalutamide is predicted to decrease the exposure to

vinorelbine. Use with caution or avoid.rTheoretical

▶ Fosaprepitant is predicted to increase the exposure to vinca

alkaloids.rTheoretical

▶ HIV-protease inhibitors are predicted to increase the exposure

to vinca alkaloids.rTheoretical → Also see TABLE 9 p. 1377

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