Search This Blog

 


2005;17:395.

Mowry JB et al. 2013 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers’ National Poison

Data System (NPDS): 31st Annual Report. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2014:S2:1032.

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. Drug Abuse Warning

Network 2005: National Estimates of Drug-Related Emergency Department Visits.

https://dawninfo.samhsa.gov/data. Accessed July 2015.

Schille SF et al. Medication overdoses leading to emergency department visits among children. Am J Prev Med.

2009;37:181.

Fung LS. Pediatric accidental ingestions—monitoring and treatment options. US Pharmacist. March 2010:51.

Dean B, Krenzelok EP. Adolescent poisoning: a comparison of accidental and intentional exposures. Vet Hum

Toxicol. 1998;30:579.

Huott MA, Storrow AB. A survey of adolescents’ knowledge regarding toxicity of over-the-counter medications.

Acad Emerg Med. 1997;4:214.

Chan P. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations in geriatrics. Calif J Health Syst Pharmacy.

2010;22:5.

Johnston CB. Drugs and elderly: practical considerations. University of California San Francisco, Division of

Geriatrics, primary care lecture series; 2001.

Klasco RK, ed. POISINDEX System. Greenwood Village, CO: Thomson Reuters. (Expires6/2015.)

Caravati EM, McElwee NE. Use of clinical toxicology resources by emergency physicians and its impact on

poison control centers. Ann Emerg Med. 1991;20:147.

Hoffman R et al, eds. Goldfrank’s Toxicologic Emergencies. 10th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2015.

Olson KR et al, eds. Poisoning and Drug Overdose. 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.

Mullen WH et al. Incorrect overdose management advice in the Physicians’ Desk Reference. Ann Emerg Med.

1997;29:255.

Cohen JS. Dose discrepancies between the Physicians’ Desk Reference and the medical literature, and their

possible role in the high incidence of dose-related adverse drug events. Arch Intern Med. 2001;161:957.

Harrison DL et al. Cost-effectiveness of regional poison control centers. Arch Intern Med. 1996;156:2601.

Miller TR, Lestina DC. Costs of poisoning in the United States and savings from poison control centers: a benefitcost analysis. Ann Emerg Med. 1997;29:239.

Committee on Poison Prevention and Control, Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Institute of

Medicine of the National Academies. Forging a Poison Prevention and Control System. Poison control center

activities, personnel, and quality assurance. Chapter 5. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2004.

Ford PS. A telephone history taking and poisoning care process. Vet Hum Toxicol. 1981;23:428.

VeltriJC. Regional poison controlservices. Hosp Formul. 1982;17:1469.

[No authors listed]. Clinical policy for the initial approach to patients presenting with acute toxic ingestion or

dermal or inhalation exposure. American College of Emergency Physicians. Ann Emerg Med. 1995;25:570.

Kulig K. Initial management of ingestions of toxic substances. N EnglJ Med. 1992;326:1677.

Eldridge DL, Holstege CP. Utilizing the laboratory in the poisoned patient. Clin Lab Med. 2006;26:13.

Wright N. An assessment of the unreliability of the history given by self-poisoned patients. Clin Toxicol.

1980;16:381.

Boyle JS et al. Management of the criticallypoisoned patient. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2009;17:29.

Olson KR et al. Physical assessment and differential diagnosis of the poisoned patient. Med Toxicol. 1987;2:52.

Nice A et al. Toxidrome recognition to improve efficiency of emergency urine drug screens. Ann Emerg Med.

1988;17:676.

Spyker DA, Minocha A. Toxicodynamic approach to management of the poisoned patient. J Emerg Med.

1988;6:117.

Roberts DM, Buckley N. Pharmacokinetic considerations in clinical toxicology. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2007;46:897.

Sue YJ, Shannon M. Pharmacokinetics of drugs in overdose. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1992;23:93.

Mahoney JD et al. Quantitative serum toxic screening in the management of suspected drug overdose. Am J

Emerg Med. 1990;8:16.

Hepler BR et al. Role of the toxicology laboratory in the treatment of acute poisoning. Med Toxicol. 1986;1:61.

Buckley NA et al. Controlled release drugs in overdose: clinical considerations. Drug Saf. 1995;12:73.

Mellick LB et al. Presentations of acute phenytoin overdose. Am J Emerg Med. 1989;7:61.

Chaikin P, Adir J. Unusual absorption profile of phenytoin in a massive overdose case. J Clin Pharmacol.

1987;27:70.

Mitchell JR et al. Acetaminophen-induced hepatic injury: protective role of glutathione in man and rationale for

therapy. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1974;16:676.

Rosenberg J et al. Pharmacokinetics of drug overdose. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1981;6:161.

Baud FJ. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships: how are they useful in human toxicology? Toxicol

Lett. 1998;102–103:643.

Greene SL et al. Acute poisoning: understanding 90% of cases in a nutshell. Postgrad Med J. 2005;81:204.

Hojer J et al. Position paper update: ipecac syrup for gastrointestinal decontamination. Clin Toxicol. 2013;51:134.

Benson BE et al. Position paper update: gastric lavage for gastrointestinal decontamination. Clin Toxicol.

2013;51:140.

Chyka PA et al. Position paper:single-dose activated charcoal. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2005;43:61.

[No authors listed]. Position paper: cathartics [published correction appears in J Toxicol Clin Toxicol.

2004;42:1000]. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2004;42:243.

Thanacoody R. Position paper update: whole bowel irrigation for gastrointestinal decontamination of overdose

patients. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2015;53:5.

[No authors listed]. Position statement and practice guidelines on the use of multi-dose activated charcoal in the

treatment of acute poisoning. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology; European Association of Poisons

Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1999;37:731.

Vale JA. Clinical toxicology. Postgrad Med J. 1993;69:19.

Holz LE, Jr, Holz PH. The black bottle. A consideration of the role of charcoal in the treatment of poisoning in

children. J Pediatr. 1963;63:306.

Neuvonen PJ, Olkkola KT. Oral activated charcoal in the treatment of intoxications: role of single and repeated

doses. Med Toxicol Adverse Drug Exp. 1988;3:33.

Bond GR. The role of activated charcoal and gastric emptying in gastrointestinal decontamination: a state-of-theart review. Ann Emerg Med. 2002;39:273.

Harris CR, Filandrinos D. Accidental administration of activated charcoal into the lung: aspiration by proxy. Ann

Emerg Med. 1993;22:1470.

Graff GR et al. Chronic lung disease after activated charcoal aspiration. Pediatrics. 2002;109:959.

Elliot CG et al. Charcoal lung: bronchiolitis obliterans after aspiration of activated charcoal. Chest. 1989;96:672.

Givens T et al. Pulmonary aspiration of activated charcoal: a complication of its misuse in overdose management.

Pediatr Emerg Care. 1992;8:137.

GolejJ et al. Severe respiratory failure following charcoal application in a toddler. Resuscitation. 2001;49:315.

Tomaszewski C. Activated charcoal—treatment or toxin? J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1999;37:17.

Gazda-Smith E, Synhavsky A. Hypernatremia following treatment of theophylline toxicity with activated charcoal

and sorbitol. Arch Intern Med. 1990;150:689.

Allerton JP, Strom JA. Hypernatremia due to repeated doses of charcoal-sorbitol. Am J Kidney Dis. 1991;17:581.

Tenebein M. Whole bowel irrigation as a gastrointestinal decontamination procedure after acute poisoning. Med

Toxicol Adverse Drug Exp. 1988;3:77.

Hoffman RS, Goldfrank LR. The poisoned patient with altered consciousness: controversies in the use of the

“coma cocktail”. JAMA. 1995;274:562.

Trujillo MH et al. Pharmacologic antidotes in critical care medicine: a practical guide for drug administration. Crit

Care Med. 1988;26:377.

Goldfrank LR, Hoffman RS. The cardiovascular effects of cocaine. Ann Emerg Med. 1991;20:165.

Wrenn K et al. Profound alkalemia during treatment of tricyclic antidepressant overdose: a potential hazard of

combined hyperventilation and intravenous bicarbonate. Am J Emerg Med. 1992;10:553.

Olson KR et al. Seizures associated with poisoning and drug overdose. Am J Emerg Med. 1994;12:392.

Dart RC et al. Expert consensus guidelines for stocking of antidotes in hospitals that provide emergency care.

Ann Emerg Med. 2009;54:386.

Proudfoot AT et al. Position paper on urine alkalinization. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2004;42:1.

Garrettson LK, Geller RJ. Acid and alkaline diuresis: when are they of value in the treatment of poisoning? Drug

Saf. 1990;5:220.

Temple AR. Acute and chronic effects of aspirin toxicity and their treatment. Arch Intern Med. 1981;141(3

SpecNo):364.

Kulling P, Persson H. Role of the intensive care unit in the management of the poisoned patient. Med Toxicol.

1986;1:375.

Alapat PM, Zimmerman JL. Toxicology in the critical care unit. Chest. 2008;133:1006.

Chyka PB et al. Salicylate poisoning: an evidence-based consensus guideline for out-of-hospital management. Clin

Toxicol (Phila). 2007;45:95.

Clarke A, Walton WW. Effect of safety packaging on aspirin ingestion by children. Pediatrics. 1979;63:687.

Done AK, Temple AR. Treatment of salicylate poisoning. Mod Treat. 1971;8:528.

Done AK. Aspirin overdosage: incidence, diagnosis, and management. Pediatrics. 1978;62(5, pt 2 Suppl):890.

Yip L et al. Concepts and controversies in salicylate toxicity. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 1994;12:351.

Notarianni L. A reassessment of the treatment of salicylate poisoning. Drug Saf. 1992;7:292.

Temple AR. Pathophysiology of aspirin overdosage toxicity, with implications for management. Pediatrics.

1978;62(5, pt 2 Suppl):873.

Heffner JE, Sahn SA. Salicylate-induced pulmonary edema: clinical features and prognosis. Ann Intern Med.

1981;95:405.

Anderson RJ et al. Unrecognized adult salicylate intoxication. Ann Intern Med. 1976;85:745.

Bailey RB, Jones SR. Chronic salicylate intoxication: a common cause of morbidity in the elderly. J Am Geriatr

Soc. 1989;37:556.

Dargan PI et al. An evidence based flowchart to guide the management of acute salicylate (aspirin) overdose.

Emerg Med J. 2002;19:206.

Done AK. Salicylate intoxication:significance of measurements of salicylate in blood in cases of acute ingestion.

Pediatrics. 1960;26:800.

Greenberg MI et al. Deleterious effects of endotracheal intubation in salicylate poisoning. Ann Emerg Med.

2003;41:583.

Koren G. Medications which can kill a toddler with one tablet or teaspoonful. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1993;31:407.

Litovitz T, Manoguerra A. Comparison of pediatric poisoning hazards: an analysis of 3.8 million exposure

incidents: a report from the American Association of Poison Control Centers. Pediatrics. 1992;89(6, pt 1):999.

Drug Facts and Comparisons 2015. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer; 2014.

PDR Staff. Physicians Desk Reference 2015. 69th ed. Montvale, NJ: Thompson Healthcare; 2014.

Klasco RK, ed. INDENTIDEX System. Greenwood Village, CO: Thomson Micromedex; 2006; vol. 164.

Pharmer.org. Where’s My Pill? http://www.pharmer.org/. Accessed July 2, 2015.

Drugs.com. Drug Information Online. http://www.drugs.com/. Accessed July 2, 2015.

Manoguerra AS et al. Iron ingestion: an evidence-based consensus guideline for out-of-hospital management. Clin

Toxicol (Phila). 2005;43:553.

Klein-Schwartz W et al. Assessment of management guidelines: acute iron ingestion. Clin Pediatr (Phila).

1990;29:316.

Fine JS. Iron poisoning. Curr Probl Pediatr. 2000;30:71.

McGuigan MA. Acute iron poisoning. Pediatr Ann. 1996;25:33.

Mills KC, Curry SC. Acute iron poisoning. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 1994;12:397.

Banner W, Jr, Tong TG. Iron poisoning. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1986;33:393.

Caravati EM. Safety of childhood acetaminophen overdose [letter]. Ann Emerg Med. 2001;37:115.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

119.

120.

121.

122.

123.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

No comments:

Post a Comment

اكتب تعليق حول الموضوع

mcq general

 

Search This Blog