Most drugs are excreted into breast milk to some extent; the reader is referred to

specialty sources for an in-depth review of the drug in question. The best sources for

information regarding drugs in lactation are (a) Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation: A

Reference Guide to Fetal and Neonatal Risk by Briggs, Freeman, and Yaffe

38 and (b)

TOXNET, an online lactation database (LactMed) sponsored by the NIH, accessible

at http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov and click on LactMed. These two databases are peerreviewed and contain referenced sources. Categories assigned to these drugs may

change because new data become available for specific drugs.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The author acknowledges Kimey D. Ung, Jennifer McNulty, and Gerald G. Briggs,

BPharm, for their contributions to this chapter in earlier editions.

KEY REFERENCES AND WEBSITES

A full list of references for this chapter can be found at

http://thepoint.lww.com/AT11e. Below are the key references and websites for this

chapter, with the corresponding reference number in this chapter found in parentheses

after the reference.

p. 1003

p. 1004

MEDICATION USE IN PREGNANCY AND

LACTATION

Key References

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Ito S. Drug therapy for breast-feeding women [published correction appears in N Engl J Med. 2000;343:1348]. N

EnglJ Med. 2000;343:118. (95)

Key Websites

American Congress of Obstetrics and Gynecology. www.acog.org.

Motherisk. www.motherisk.org.

National Library of Medicine: Drugs and Lactation Database (LACTMED). http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov.

Organization of Teratology Specialists (OTIS). www.otispregnancy.com.

Perinatology. www.perinatalogy.com/index.html.

REPROTOX (Reproductive Toxicology). www.reprotox.org.

GENERAL INFORMATION

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