Boundaries: 1- Anteriorly: posterior border of sternomastoid muscle. Base: the clavicle (its middle %). Posteriorlv: anterior border of trapezius muscle. Skin.

 

Boundaries:

1- Anteriorly: posterior border of sternomastoid muscle.

Base: the clavicle (its middle %).

Posteriorlv: anterior border of trapezius muscle.

Skin.

Superficial fascia (contains platysma, EJV & cutaneous branches of cervical

plexus).

3- Deep fascia (investing layer of deep cervical fascia).

F loo r:

. Muscles: splenius capitis, levator scapulae & scalenus medius (arranged from

above downwards).

. Fascia: pre-vertebral fascia.

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Contents:

o Muscles: inferior belly of omohyoid muscle

which divides the triangle into 2 smaller

triangles (occipital & supra-clavicular).

Arteries:

1- 3'd part of subclavian artery.

2- Transverse cervical artery.

3- Supra-scapular artery.

4- 3'd part of occipital artery

Veins:

1- Subclavian vein.

2- Transverse cervical vein.

3- Supra-scapular vein.

Lvmph nodes: supra-clavicular LNs.

Nerves:

- Accessory nerve.

- Branches of the cervical plexus

(muscular branches, a loop from C1

to hypoglossal nerve, inferior root of

ansa cervicalis & phrenic nerve).

- Brachial plexus (roots & trunks),

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HEAD & NECK

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o Anteriorlv: midline of the neck.

. Posteriorly: anterior border of

sternomastoid.

. Base: lower border of mandible.

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(fintsrior tfiangle)

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The digastric mascle & superior

belly of omohyoid muscle divide

the anterior triungle into 3% L:

1- % Sub-mental A.

2- Digastric A.

3- Carotid A.

4- Muscular A.

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. Apex: symphysis menti.

. On either side: anterior bellies of digastric muscle.

. Bsse: body of hyoid bone.

, Floor: mylohyoid muscle.

. Roof: skin & fascia.

Contents: sub-mental LNs.

Boundaries: A

1. Above.' lower border of the

mandible.

2. Below: two bellies of digaitric

muscle.

FIOOr: mylohyoid muscle in front

and hyoglossus muscle behind.

Contents:

1. Submandibular salivary gland &

LNs.

2. Facial artery & common facial vein.

3. Hypoglossal n. and submandibular

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Boundaries:

o Anteriorly midline of the neck.

o Postero-superiorly, superior belly of omohyoid E'-,*_

o Postero-inferiorllr anterior border of :ffi sternomastoid. Muscularriangle

Contents:

1. lnfra-hvoid muscles (strap muscles):

Sternohyoid, sternothyroid & thyrohyoid muscles.

2. Lateral looo of thvroid qland

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. Posteriorly: anlerior border of sternomastoid'

Contentsl

1. Descending hYPoglossi'

2. Descending cervicalis'

3.Carotidsheath(CCA,lCA,vagus'lJV)+sympatheticchain'

4. Most of ECA branches'

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It forms a layer in the anterior & posterior triangles of the neck

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clavicle.

. Superiorly:

- lt is attached to mandible,

nuchal line.

mastoid process & supe

- Splits to form capsule around the parotid gland whic

incomplete superiorly.

Surgical lmportance:

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. Swellings of parotid gland elevate the ear.

. Parotid swellings are very painful due to tough parotid fascia.

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Attach ment

- Above: to hyoid bone (so, thyroid gland moves up & down with deglutition).

- Below: to fibrous pericardium.

- On each side:

o Fuses with carotid sheath.

o lt splits to form a capsule around thyroid gland. This capsule is thicker

anterior (that is why the gland enlarges posterior at first).

COntentS: (i.e. structures mobile with deglutition)

. Thyroid.

. Parathyroid.

o Pre-tracheal LNs (LN of Delphi).

o Pre-laUngeal LNs (LN of Poitier).

. Thyroglossal cyst & tract if found.

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It is a tube of deep fascia extending from base of the skutt down to root of the neck

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Common carotid & intemat carotid aftery: medially.

N.B: externar carotid is not surrounded by the sheath.

Vagus nerve: behind the interval between the internal jugular vein & common carotid artery.

2) Ansa ceruicalis & its roots.. embedded in the anterior wall.

Superficial Relations:

o Below the upper border of thyroid cartilage:

Thyroid gland.

lnfra-hyoid muscres (sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid).

Sternomastoid muscle.

o Above the upper border of thyroid cartitage:

Styloid process and attached structures.

Posterior belly of digastric muscle.

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- Transverse processes of all cervical vertebrae and the covering pre-vertebral

muscles & fascia.

lnferior thyroid artery: crosses deep to it at c6 (on both sides).

Thoracic duct: crosses deep to it at C7 (on left side).

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It is a muscular organ covered by mucus membrane, lying in the floor of mouth &

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ROOt: through which muscles connect tongue to mandible & hyold bone.

Tip & margihsl tie opposite gum & teeth.

LOwef SUffaGel facing the floor of mouth & shows:

. Frenulum; raised fold of mucosa in the midline.

. Deep linguul veins: on either sides of the frenulum.

. Fimbriatedfold: raised mucosal fold.

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