The upper deep ceruical group has two qroups: 1- J.Ug.U.[g:.d.rga9tfj.q which drains the tonsils. 2- J.UgU.lq:.o..m.ehy.o.j.d which drains the tip of the tongue. The efferent from the deep ceruical LIVs goes fo . Rt. Side ) jugular duct & subclavian lymph trunk. . Lt. Side ) thoracic duct. . Tip ) sub-mental ) jugulo-omohyoid LNs.
Other cavernous sinuses via inter-cavernous sinuses.
Pterygoid plexuses of veins (via 3 emissary veins).
It is present around the lateral pterygoid muscle.
It communicates with inferior ophthalmic vein, anterior facial vein and cavernous sinus
These veins have no valves; draining the dangerous area of face and can cause
It is drained by the maxillary vein.
Surgical lmportance Dangerous area of the face
- The area formed of nose & upper lip.
- Any infection even boil must not be squeezed for fear of cavernous sinus
- lnfection reaches cavernous sinus either via ophthalmic emissary vein or
reaches pterygoid plexus through emissary vein in foramen lacerum.
Superlor antl lnlerlor 0phthatrillc velns
Itia$llary vein lnfefior polpebrel veh
o Formed by the union of supra-trochlear & supra-orbital veins.
o Ends by joining anterior division of posterior facial vein to form the common facial vein,
which ends in internaljugular vein.
NB: Superior thyroid vein may end in the common facial vein 50%.
Formed inside parotid gland by union of superficial temporal & maxillary veins.
1) Anterior division ) ends in common facial vein.
2) Posterior division ) joins posterior auricular vein to form external jugular vein
which ends in the subclavian vein.
It connects anterior facial vein with pterygoid plexus of veins.
Beq inS: At the jugular foramen as a continuation of the sigmoid sinus.
EndS: By uniting with subclavian vein to form innominate vein behind the sternal end
o lt lies inside the carotid sheath lateral to the internal & common carotid with
o Passes in.front of the thoracic duct on the left side.
o Runs alongside the chain of deep cervical LNs.
o Passes anterior to the phrenic nerve.
It is formed by union of posterior auricular vein & retro-mandibular vein.
It crosses perpendicular to the superficial surface of the sternomastoid beneath the
It is a tributary of subclavian vein.
Mklrlt*.nd post*rhr Ets]ml jogtLrudn (E Yl
The lymphoid tissue ring located in the pharynx and to the back of the oral cavity.
The ring consists of (from superior to inferior):
. Palatine tonsils (commonly called "the tonsils" in the vernacular, less commonly
upper midline in the nasoPharynx
Under mucosa of the posterior third of the tongue
Midway between mastoid process & occiput. It drains the back of scalp.
On the mastoid process, drains the back of the ear pinna & temporal region of the
Just in front of the tragus & drains the outer surface of the pinna & sides of the
Drains the upper lip, angle of the mouth, lateral part of the lower lip & the tongue.
Drains middle part of lower lip, tip of the tongue & floor of the mouth.
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$l ,hrgdo-omtrydd I naoen"ryngout
*a @ hrveindraining the parotid & lower part of ear.
#e - lJpper & lower deep ceruical LAIs are related to the internaljugular vein &
T separated from each other by omohyoid muscle.
The upper deep ceruical group has two qroups:
1- J.Ug.U.[g:.d.rga9tfj.q which drains the tonsils.
2- J.UgU.lq:.o..m.ehy.o.j.d which drains the tip of the tongue.
The efferent from the deep ceruical LIVs goes fo
. Rt. Side ) jugular duct & subclavian lymph trunk.
. Tip ) sub-mental ) jugulo-omohyoid LNs.
. Sides ) ipsilateral submandibular LNs.
. Middle ) submandibular on both sides.
Deep cervical LNs (1't, retro-pharyngeal LNs ) deep cervical lymph nodes).
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