Males—0 to 5 mm at the end of 1st hour. Females—0 to 7 mm at the end of 1st hour. Wintrobe’s Method 1. The Wintrobe’s tube (Fig. 9.9) is about 11 cm long, bore diameter is 2.5 mm and the bottom 10 cm are

 

Newborn

Day 1 106 µ3 106 fl

Days 2–3 105 µ3 105 fl

Days 4–8 103 µ3 103 fl

Days 9–13 98 µ3 98 fl

2–8 weeks 90 µ3 90 fl

3 months 82 µ3 82 fl

4–5 months 80 µ3 80 fl

6–11 months 77 µ3 77 fl

1 year 78 µ3 78 fl

2 years 77 µ3 77 fl

3 years 79 µ3 79 fl

4–10 years 80 µ3 80 fl

11–15 years 82 µ3 82 fl

Mean Cell Hemoglobin (MCH)

Adults 26–34 pg 1.61–2.11 fmol

Children

Newborn

Day l 38 pg 2.36 fmol

Days 2–3 37 pg 2.30 fmol

Days 4–8 36 pg 2.23 fmol

Days 9–13 33 pg 2.05 fmol

2–8 weeks 30 pg 1.86 fmol

3 months 28 pg 1.73 fmol

4–5 months 27 pg 1.67 fmol

6–11 months 26 pg 1.61 fmol

1–2 years 25 pg 1.55 fmol

3 years 26 pg 1.61 fmol

4–10 years 27 pg 1.67 fmol

11–15 years 28 pg 1.73 fmol

Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)

Adults 31–38% 19.2–23.58 mmol/L

Children

Newborn

Day 1 36% 22.34 mmol/L

Days 2–8 35% 21.72 mmol/L

Days 9-13 34% 21.10 mmol/L

Clinical Hematology 219

Contd.. Contd..

Contd... Contd...

Normal range, unit SI units

8–14 years 3700/µL or mm3 3700 × 106

/L

15 to 20 years 3800/µL or mm3 3800 × 106

/L

Band

Neutrophils (Bands) 3–5% 0.03–.05

Adults 620/µL or mm3 620 × 106

/L

Children

Birth 2540/µL or mm3 2540 × 106

/L

12 hours 3460/µL or mm3 3460 × 106

/L

24 hours 2680/µL or mm3 2680 × 106

/L

1 week 1420/µL or mm3 1420 × 106

/L

2 weeks 1200/µL or mm3 1200 × 106

/L

 1 month 1150/µL or mm3 1150 × 106

/L

2 months 1100/µL or mm3 1100 × 106

/L

4–10 months 1000/µL or mm3 1000 × 106

/L

12 months 990/µL or mm3 990 × 106

/L

2 years 850/µL or mm3 850 × 106

/L

4 years 710/µL or mm3 710 × 106

/L

6 years 670/µL or mm3 670 × 106

/L

8 years 660/µL or mm3 660 × 106

/L

10 years 645/µL or mm3 645 × 106

/L

12-14 years 640/µL or mm3 640 × 106

/L

15-20 years 620/µL or mm3 620 × 106

/L

Eosinophils 1–4% 0.01–0.04

Adults 200/µL or mm3 200 × 106

/L

Children

Birth 400/µL or mm3 400 × 106

/L

12-24 hours 450/µL or mm3 450 × 106

/L

l week 500/µL or mm3 500 × 106

/L

2 weeks 350/µL or mm3 350 × 106

/L

1 month-l yr 300/µL or mm3 300 × 106

/L

2 years 280/µL or mm3 280 × 106

/L

4 years 250/µL or mm3 250 × 106

/L

6 years 230/µL or mm3 230 × 106

/L

8-20 years 200/µL or mm3 200 × 106

/L

Basophils (M) 0.75% 0–0.0075

Adults 40/µL or mm3 40 × 106

/L

Children

Birth-24 hours 100/µL or mm3 100 × 106

/L

1 week-8 years 50/µL or mm3 50 × 106

/L

10–20 years 40/µL or mm3 40 × 106

/L

Normal range, unit SI Units

Monocytes 2–10% 0.02–0.1

Adults 300/µL or mm3 300 × 106

/L

Children

Birth 1050/µL or mm3 1050 × 106

/L

12 hours 1200/µL or mm3 1200 × 106

/L

24 hours-1 week 1100/µL or mm3 1100 × 106

/L

2 weeks 1000/µL or mm3 1000 × 106

/L

1 month 700/µL or mm3 700 × 106

/L

2 months 650/µL or mm3 650 × 106

/L

4 months 600/µL or mm3 600 × 106

/L

6–8 months 580/µL or mm3 580 × 106

/L

10–12 months 550/µL or mm3 550 × 106

/L

2 years 530/µL or mm3 530 × 106

/L

4 years 450/µL or mm3 450 × 106

/L

6 years 400/µL or mm3 400 × 106

/L

8–12 years 350/µL or mm3 350 × 106

/L

14 years 380/µL or mm3 380 × 106

/L

16–18 years 400/µL or mm3 400 × 106

/L

20 years 380/µL or mm3 380 × 106

/L

Lymphocytes 20–40% 0.20–0.40

Adults 2500/µL or mm3 2500 × 106

/L

Children

Birth–12 hrs 5500/µL or mm3 5500 × 106

/L

24 hours 5800/µL or mm3 5800 × 106

/L

1 week 5000/µL or mm3 5000 × 106

/L

2 weeks 5500/µL or mm3 5500 × 106

/L

1 month 6000/µL or mm3 6000 × 106

/L

2 months 6300/µL or mm3 6300 × 106

/L

4 months 6800/µL or mm3 6800 × 106

/L

6 months 7300/µL or mm3 7300 × 106

/L

8 months 7600/µL or mm3 7600 × 106

/L

10 months 7500/µL or mm3 7500 × 106

/L

12 months 7000/µL or mm3 7000 × 106

/L

2 years 6300/µL or mm3 6300 × 106

/L

4 years 4500/µL or mm3 4500 × 106

/L

6 years 3500/µL or mm3 3500 × 106

/L

8 years 3300/µL or mm3 3300 × 106

/L

10 years 3100/µL or mm3 3100 × 106

/L

12 years 3000/µL or mm3 3000 × 106

/L

14 years 2900/µL or mm3 2900 × 106

/L

220 Concise Book of Medical Laboratory Technology: Methods and Interpretations Complete Blood Count (CBC)

CBC includes—TLC, DLC, RBC count, hemoglobin,

hematocrit, RBC indices, platelet count and a peripheral

smear examination.

ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE (ESR)

This is the rate at which erythrocytes sediment on their

own weight when anticoagulated blood is held in a vertical

column, it is expressed as the fall of RBCs in mm at the end

of first hour (starting point—when the tube or pipette was

filled with blood).

Methods

Westergren’s Method

1. Westergren’s pipette (open at both ends) is about 30 cm

long with a bore diameter of about 2.5 mm (Fig. 9.8).

2. The lower 20 cm are marked from 0 (top) to 200

(bottom).

3. Anticoagulant used is 3.8% trisodium citrate solution.

One part of anticoagulant is added to 4 parts of blood.

4. The pipette accepts about 1 mL of blood. Fill the pipette

by sucking till the 0 mark and clamp it vertically in the

Westergren’s rack.

5. Read the upper level of red cells exactly after 1 hour.

This is a better method than Wintrobe’s since the

reading obtained is magnified as the column is lengthier.

Normal Values

Males—0 to 5 mm at the end of 1st hour. Females—0 to 7

mm at the end of 1st hour.

Wintrobe’s Method

1. The Wintrobe’s tube (Fig. 9.9) is about 11 cm long,

bore diameter is 2.5 mm and the bottom 10 cm are

graduated.

2. Graduations are from zero (top) to hundred (bottom)

for ESR and zero (bottom) to hundred (top) for PCV.

3. EDTA blood is used and the tube is filled till zero mark

on top with the help of a Pasteur pipette.

4. Set it up vertically and read exactly after 1 hour.

5. As has already been said that this tube can also be used

for PCV estimation.