and enters the foramen ovale to relay in the otic ganglion (i.e. it is preganglionic). - Postganglionic fibers arise from the otic ganglion and join auriculo-temporal nerue through which they reach the gland.

 

. Anterior T.: contains papillae without lymphoid follicles.

. Posterior Ts: contains lymphoid follicles without papillae.

HEAD & NTCK I

A. Extrinsic muscles:

Styloglossus

Styloid

process

Body & greater horn of

hyoid bone

Genioglossus

Side & inferior aspect of the

tongue

Hypoglossal

nerve

Retract & elevate the

tongue

Side & inferior aspect of

the tongue

Hypoglossal

nerve

Depress & retract

the tongue

Hyoglossus

Genialtubercle of

the mandible

Palatoglossus

lnferior aspect of the

tongue& body of hyoid bone

Protrudes &

depress the tongue

Hypoglossal

nerve

Palatine

aponeurosis of soft

palate

Side of

tongue

Cranial root of accessory nerve via

pharyngeal branch of vagus &

pharyngeal plexus

Elevate posterior

part of the

tongue

B. Intrinsic muscles:

They have no bony attachments. They change the shape of the tongue:

- Superior & inferior longitudinal.

- Transverse & vertical muscles.

EpElool mMiue

I HEAD & NECK

Nerve Supplv:

r Motor: all muscles supplied by

hypoglossal n.

Except palatoglossus supplied by spinal

accessory n.

. Sensory:

- V cranial nerve ) general sensation. r.E,.ril

- Vl cranial n. ) taste sensation. &s{,.$..uhr

- lX cranial n. ) general sensation & taste.

Blood Supplv:

o Linqual arterv (from external carotid).

. Linqual vein (to IJV).

Lym phatic dra inaqe: (see lymphatic system)

Farotid dr.rct

tr?

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It is the largest salivary gland, which secretes serous fluids

Site: below the auricle, between the angle of mandible & sternomastoid muscle.

Pa rts:

1) Main paft:

- lt is divided into superficial & deep parts by the facial nerve.

- Relations:

a. Upper end is related to:

1. Superficial temporal vessels.

2. Auriculotemporal nerve.

3. Cartilaginous part of external auditory meatus.

4. Temporal branch of facial nerve.

b. Lower end is related to:

a) Cervical branch of facial nerve.

b) Retro-mandibular vein (or its divisions).

c) It overlaps the posterior belly of digastric.

d) ECA

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c. Anterior border: (from above downwards)

a) Temporal branch of facial nerve.

b) Zygomatic branch of facial nerve.

c) Transverse facial artery (branch of superficial temporal)

d) Buccal branch of facial nerve.

e) Accessory parotid gland.

0 Parotid duct.

g) Mandibular branch of facial nerve.

d. Lateral surface : (superticial relations)

Skin & fascia.

Parotid LNs.

Great auricular nerve.

e.A surface:

(Related to a bone in between two muscles)

I Ramus of the mandible.

- Masseter muscle (on the lateral surface of the ramus).

- Medial pterygoid m. (on medial surface of mandibular ramus).

f. Postero-medial sufface:#

(Related to a boie in between two muscles)

- Mastoid process.

- Sternomastoid muscle (on the lateral surface of mastoid process).

- Posterior belly of digastric (on the medial surface of the mastoid

process).

- lt is also related to the styloid process and the muscles and ligaments

attached to it.

- The styloid process intervenes between the parotid gland both the

internal carotid artery and internaljugular vein in carotid sheath

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2) Accessory Paft: :..^r -L^..a rha narA,

semi-detached part of the gland, which lies just above the parotid duct'

3) Parotid (Stensen's) duct:

- 5 cm long.

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) Fibrous caPsule'

Emerges from the anterior border'

Runs superficial to masseter m' then pierces the buccinator'

;;., in the vestibule of moutl{lpposite the upper 2nd molar tooth'

in the oland: fF

externat carotid artery (deepest)'

Retro-mandibular vein (superficial to the artery)'

Facial nerve (superficial to the vein)'

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capsule: ? -.^^- r^^^ia af fha ne.k called oarotid

1) The gland is enclosed within a sheath of deep fascia of. the, neck called parotio

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BIood Supplv:

Arterial supplv: external carotid artery inside the gland.

. Venous drainuge: retro-mandibular vein.

Lymphatic Drainaqe

Superficial & deep parotid LN ) upper deep cervical LN.

Nerve suoply of the Gland:

7. Sensoryr from the auriculo-temporal nerve (the capsule), while great auricular n.

supplies the skin overlying the gland.

2. Symputhetic: from the sympathetic plexus around the external carotid.

3. Parasympathetic:

- Secrefomotor fibers arise from inferior salivary nucleus in medulla oblongata

and join the g/ossopharyngeal nerue (9th cranial).

- These fibers leave the 9th nerve through its tympanic branch which enters the

middle ear where it joins the tympanic plexus.

- The lesser petrosal nerve arises from the tympanic plexus as a continuation of

the tympanic branch. lt leaves the middle ear through the lesser petrosal foramen

and enters the foramen ovale to relay in the otic ganglion (i.e. it is preganglionic).

- Postganglionic fibers arise from the otic ganglion and join auriculo-temporal

nerue through which they reach the gland.

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