o lnferior Vesical artery: lt supplies the seminal vesicles,
prostate, urinary bladder & artery of the Vas.
G- Branches specific to Females
o Vaqinal afterv: to the vagina & urinary bladder.
o Uterine artery: to the uterus. lt anastomoses with the ovarian
D- Two terminal branches of anterior division
a. lnferior gluteal aftery @elow Piriformis).
b. lnternal pudendal artery @elow Piriformis).
1) lliolumbar artery: it gives
- lleal branch to iliacus muscle.
- Lumbar branch to quadrates lumborum.
Lateral sacral artery (2 branches)
Superior gluteal artery (passes through gi'eater sciatic forarncn)
When internal iliac A. is ligated to control pelvic hemorrhage, ligation doesn't stop the
blood flow due to the 3 arterial anastomosis (lumbar to iliolumbar, median sacral to
lateral sacral & superior rectal to middle rectal) this maintain blood supply to pelvic
viscera, gluteal region & genital organs.
The functional requirements of the
lower limb are weight bearing,
locomotion, and maintenance of
equilibrium. As such, it is constructed
for strength at the cost of mobility.
The lower limb is divided into four
parts: hip, thigh, leg, and foot .
Features: lt is formed by fusion of 3 Oonesl Pubis
1. Body: forms the upper 215 ol the acetabulum.
2. 3 borders: anterior, posterior & superior (iliac crest).
3. 3 surfaces: iliac fossa, sacro-pelvic surface & gluteal surface.
1 . Body: forms the posterior 215 of the acetabulum.
2. lschial spine: separates the greater sciatic notch from the lesser sciatic
3. lschialtuberosity: gives origin to the hamstring muscles.
4. lschial ramus:joins the inferior pubic ramus to form conjoined ischiopubic ramus.
1. Body: its upper border forms the pubic crest which ends laterally by
2. Superior ramus: reaches the acetabulum & forms the anterior 115.
3. lnferior ramus:joins the ischial ramus.
Occurs most commonly due to crushing force and leads to fracture of ala
of ilium & the conjoined ischio-pubic ramus.
UgEmsnt ettaclillBnrs T{b€rclgo{dwt
lr$erior pubic rarrus lsctitilhnerGity f$ff.tl fi.oero$ity
The femur is the longest and strongest bone in the body.
It consists of upper end, shaft and lower end.
. Head: has a fovea for the round ligament.
. Neck: forms an angle af 12A" with the shaft.
. Greater trochanter: projects laterally.
. Lesser trochanter: projects postero-medially.
o lt has 3 surfaces (anterior, medial & lateral).
. lts posterior border is thick & shows spiral line called linea aspra.
. The posterior aspect of upper % shows spiral line (medially) & gluteal
. The posterior aspect of lower % shows popliteal surface between medial &
lateral supra-condylar ridges.
o 2 condyles: medial & lateral.
o Adductor tubercle: at the lower end of the medial supra-condylar ridge.
Blood supply of the head of femur:
1) An artery in the round ligament of the head (little supply).
2) The retinacular vessels in the reflected part of capsule (main
3) Ascending branch of the nutrient artery in the shaft.
Fracture neck of femur: occurs commonly in old females & leads to
avascular necrosis of the femoral head.
2 condyles & tibial tuberosity Head, neck & styloid process,
3borders&3surfaces 3borders&3surfaces
Large & projects down medially
Liable to fracture as its medial *
Upper end of tibia is one of the most
common sites of acute osteomyelitis
ldeal bone for grafting as it is
Lower end of fibula is fractured
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