¾ Multiple myeloma ¾ Carcinomatosis. Collagen Diseases ¾ Rheumatoid arthritis

 

increase the count are:

¾ Food intake

¾ Physical exercise

¾ Emotion

¾ Pregnancy and following parturition.

Pathological Variations in White Cell Counts

Neutrophilia

Infections

¾ Pyogenic bacteria

• Staphylococcal

• Streptococcal

• Pneumococcal

• Meningococcal

• Gonococcal

¾ Nonpyogenic

• Acute rheumatic fever

• Diphtheria

• Scarlet fever

• Acute poliomyelitis

• Cholera

¾ Herpes zoster

¾ Mycobacterial

¾ Fungal

¾ Spirochetal

¾ Parasitic.

Metabolic Disorders—due to Varied Causes Leading to

¾ Acute yellow atrophy of liver

¾ Uremia

¾ Diabetes

¾ Acidosis

¾ Gout

¾ Eclampsia.

Neoplasms

¾ Myeloproliferative disorders

¾ Myeloid leukemia

¾ Lymphomas

¾ Polycythemia vera

¾ Myelosclerosis

¾ Other malignancies

• Carcinomas (metastatic or otherwise)

• Sarcomas.

Conditions Causing Cell Necrosis or Destruction

¾ Acute hemolysis (especially intravascular, type)

¾ Infarctions

¾ Drug intoxication

• Nephrotoxins

• Hepatotoxins.

Various Drugs/Chemicals Implicated are

¾ Phenacetin

¾ Digitalis

¾ Quinine

¾ Organic arsenicals

¾ Lead

¾ Mercury

¾ Carbon monoxide.

Trauma and Hemorrhage

¾ Hemorrhage

• Acute hemorrhage (especially internal hemorrhage)

260 Concise Book of Medical Laboratory Technology: Methods and Interpretations ¾ Trauma

• Operative

• Fractures

• Crush injuries

• Burns.

Cardiac Disorders

¾ Paroxysmal tachycardia.

Collagen Diseases

¾ Polyarteritis nodosa

¾ Acute phases of:

• Rheumatoid arthritis

• Dermatomyositis.

Miscellaneous

¾ Serum sickness

¾ Acute anoxia

¾ Spider venom poisoning

¾ Histiocytosis-X.

Eosinophilia

Allergic States

¾ Asthma

¾ Hay fever

¾ Exfoliative dermatitis

¾ Erythema multiforme

¾ Urticaria

¾ Food sensitivity

¾ Angioneurotic edema

¾ Serum sickness

¾ Drug allergy.

Parasitic Diseases

Intestinal

¾ Hookworm

¾ Roundworm

¾ Tapeworm.

Tissue form

¾ Toxocara

¾ Trichina

¾ Strongyloides

¾ Echinococcus

¾ Filariasis

¾ Malaria.

Skin disorders

¾ Pemphigus

¾ Dermatitis herpetiformis

¾ Psoriasis

¾ Scabies

¾ Prurigo.

Drug Administration

¾ Liver extracts

¾ Penicillin

¾ Streptomycin

¾ Chlorpromazine.

Neoplasms

¾ Myeloproliferative

• Eosinophilic leukemia

• Chronic myeloid leukemia

• Polycythemia.

¾ Others

• Hodgkin’s lymphoma

• Multiple myeloma

• Metastatic and necrotic tumors

• Occult abdominal tumor.

Miscellaneous

¾ Familial eosinophilia

¾ Eosinophilic granulomatosis (visceral larva migrans)

¾ Eosinophilic syndrome

¾ Scarlet fever

¾ Polyarteritis nodosa

¾ Tropical eosinophilia

¾ Pernicious anemia

¾ Postsplenectomy

¾ Post-transfusion mononucleosis

¾ Idiopathic neutropenia.

Lymphocytosis

Acute Infections

¾ Infectious mononucleosis

¾ Infectious lymphocytosis

¾ Pertussis

¾ Mumps

¾ Chickenpox

¾ Rubella

¾ Infective hepatitis

¾ Convalescent stage of many acute infections

¾ Toxoplasmosis

¾ Influenza.

Chronic Infections

¾ Brucellosis

¾ Tuberculosis

¾ Syphilis (secondary).

Endocrine Disorders

¾ Thyrotoxicosis

¾ Adrenocortical insufficiency

¾ Hypopituitarism

¾ Myasthenia gravis.

Clinical Hematology 261

Neoplasms

¾ Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas

¾ Chronic lymphatic leukemia

¾ Lymphosarcoma

¾ Multiple myeloma.

Monocytosis

Infections

¾ Bacterial

• Brucellosis

• Tuberculosis

• Subacute bacterial endocarditis

• Typhoid fever

• Recovery stage of an acute infection.

¾ Rickettsial

• Rocky mountain spotted fever

• Typhus.

¾ Protozoan

• Malaria

• Kala-azar

• Trypanosomiasis

• Oriental sore.

¾ Viral

• Infectious mononucleosis.

Neoplasms

¾ Monocytic leukemia

¾ Hodgkin’s and other lymphomas

¾ Myeloproliferative disorders

¾ Multiple myeloma

¾ Carcinomatosis.

Collagen Diseases

¾ Rheumatoid arthritis

¾ SLE.

Miscellaneous

¾ Chronic ulcerative colitis

¾ Regional enteritis

¾ Sarcoidosis