ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺭ -ﺩﺭﻗﻴﻪ:
Parathyroid Hormone ﺍﻭ PTH
ﺗﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﻧﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻗﻴﻪ ..
ﻭﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺯﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ..
ﻭﻳﻨﻘﺺ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺯﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮﻡ ﻭﻧﻘﺺ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻏﻨﺴﻴﻮﻡ ﻓﻲ
ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ..
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ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ :: ﻫﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﺍﻭ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺭ -ﻛﻠﻮﻳﻪ:
Catecholamines
ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺯﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ ..
Vanillylmandelic Acid (VMA )
ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻈﺮﻳﻪ .. ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻥ ﻳﻘﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ
ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻝ ..
Cortisol
ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺭﺗﻴﺰﻭﻥ ﺍ ..ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻤﻨﻪ
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH)
Aldosterone
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ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎ:: ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻠﻴﻪ :
Testosterone
ﻫﺮﻣﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻮﺭﻩ
Oestradiol (E2 )
ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺗﺄﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﻍ ..ﻭﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﻮﺑﻪ ..
Progestrone
ﻳﻔﺮﺯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴﺾ ..ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻭﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴﺾ
ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻢ
Luteinizing Hormone (LH )
ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻥ ﻳﺤﺮﺽ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﺟﺴﺘﺮﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﻭﺟﻴﻦ ..
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH )
ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻮﻳﺔ .. ﻭﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴﺾ
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (BHCG )
>>>ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻞ
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ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ :: ﻫﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺎﻣﻴﻪ:
Growth Hormone (GH ) ﻫﺮﻣﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ
Prolactin (PRL )
ﻫﺮﻣﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH )
ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻝ ..
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ﺳﺎﺩﺳﺎ :: ﻫﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎﺱ
ﻛﻞ ﻫﺮﻣﻮﻥ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ:
Insulin ﺍﻻﻧﺴﻮﻟﻲﻥ
ﻳﺤﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺠﻠﻮﻛﻮﺯ ﻭﻳﺨﺰﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺟﻼﻳﻜﻮﺟﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺪ ..
Glucagon
ﺍﻟﺠﻠﻮﻛﺎﺟﻮﻥ
ﻳﻔﻚ ﺍﻟﺠﻼﻳﻜﻮﺟﻴﻦ ﻭﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺠﻠﻮﻛﻮﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ.
. ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻥ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ
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ﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎ ::ﻫﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﻪ:
Renin
ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺩﻳﻮﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻧﺴﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺩﻳﻮﻡ
ﻭﻳﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ
Erythropoietin
ﻳﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﻛﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍﺀ ..
ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻥ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻻﻧﻴﻤﻴﺎ
ﻭﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺸﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻮﻱ ..
ﺷﺮﺡ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺎﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺒﺮﻳﺔ : ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻮﺻﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺒﺮﻳﺔ
ﻫﻲ ﺗﺤﺎﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺨﺒﺮﻳﺔ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﺔ ﻭﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ
ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻭﺟﺪ ﺇﻋﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺿﻄﺮﺍﺑﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ
ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻢ.
ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺤﻮﺻﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺒﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻵﺗﻲ:
-1** ﻓﺤﺺ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ )) Complete Blood Count ﺃﻭ
((CBC
ﻳﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﺈﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻓﺤﺺ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺭﻭﺗﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ
ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ، ﻭﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﻳﻮﺻﻰ ﻃﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺑﺈﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﻛﻘﺴﻢ ﻣﻦ
" ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻮﺻﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ." ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﺑﺄﻧﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﺒﺮ ﺑﻠﻮﻥ ﻟﻴﻠﻜﻲ
ﻭﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ
Complete Blood Count ﺃﻭ .CBC
ﻣﺘﻰ ﻳﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﺈﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻓﺤﺺ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ؟
ﻳﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﺈﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻓﺤﺺ ﺑﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ، ﻗﺒﻞ
ﺍﻟﺨﻀﻮﻉ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺛﻤﺔ ﺷﻚ ﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﻘﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺣﺪ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺽ
ﺍﻟﺪﻡ . ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﻠﺒﻪ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻀﺎﺡ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻮﺙ - ﺟﺮﺛﻮﻣﻲ
ﺃﻭ ﻓﻴﺮﻭﺳﻲ
ﻳﻔﺤﺺ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﻫﻲ :
.1 ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺩﻡ ﺑﻴﻀﺎﺀ. - WBC, white blood cell
.2 ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺩﻡ ﺣﻤﺮﺍﺀ - . RBC, red blood
.3 ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻫﻴﻤﻮﻏﻠﻮﺑﻴﻦ. – HB
.4 ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻤﺎﺗﻮﻛﺮﻳﺖ. - HCT, hematocrit
.5 ﻓﺤﺺ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻛﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ. MCV, mean cellular volume
.6 ﻓﺤﺺ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻤﻮﻏﻠﻮﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺮﻳﺎﺕ. MCHC,MCH,
mean cellular hemoglobin concentration
.7 ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺑﺎﺣﺠﺎﻡ ﺧﻼﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ. RDW, red cell
distribution width
.8 ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ. - PLT, platelets
.9 ﻓﺤﺺ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ . - MPV, mean platelet
volum
. 1ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺩﻡ ﺑﻴﻀﺎﺀ WBC, white blood cell
ﻳﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻹﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻜﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ. ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻛﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ
ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺮﺍﺛﻴﻢ، ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺮﻭﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻬﺎﺟﻢ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻭﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ
ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎﻧﻴﺔ. ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻭﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ:
ﺍﺅﺯﻳﻨﻮﻓﻴﻠﻴﻢ، ﻟﻴﻤﻔﻮﺗﺴﻴﺘﻴﻢ، ﻧﻮﻳﺘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻠﻴﻢ، ﻣﻮﻧﻮﺗﺴﻴﺘﻴﻢ ﻭﺑﺎﺯﻭﻓﻴﻠﻴﻢ.
ﻭﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻮﺙ ﻳﺘﺤﺪﺩ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻳﺘﺤﺪﺩ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻛﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺣﺪﻯ
ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ.
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ: ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺮﺍﺛﻴﻢ ﻳﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ
ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻳﺘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻠﻴﻢ، ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻠﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺮﻭﺳﺎﺕ ﻳﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻤﻔﻮﺗﺴﻴﺘﻴﻢ
ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻮﻧﻮﺗﺴﻴﺘﻴﻢ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻠﻮﺙ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻃﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻳﻌﻠﻮ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ
ﺍﻻﻭﺯﻳﻨﻮﻓﻴﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺯﻭﻓﻴﻠﻴﻢ .
ﻣﺘﻰ ﻳﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﺈﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻓﺤﺺ ﻛﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺩﻡ ﺑﻴﻀﺎﺀ؟
ﻋﻨﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺷﻚ ﻟﻤﺮﺽ ﺗﻠﻮﺛﻲ، ﺃﻭ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺷﻚ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻞ
ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﺔ.
ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ؟
4300 ﺣﺘﻰ 10800
ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻗﻴﻢ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ؟
ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻲ ﻫﻮ ﻟﻮﻳﻜﻮﺑﻴﻨﻴﺎ، ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻫﻮ ﺗﺮﺍﺟﻊ
ﻭﻗﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﺔ. ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﻮﺛﺎﺕ
ﺣﺎﺩﺓ، ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﻓﻴﺮﻭﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻻﻳﺪﺯ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ
ﻓﻴﺮﻭﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻗﻞ ﺧﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻨﻪ، ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﻗﺼﻮﺭ ﻋﺎﺑﺮ ﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﺔ.
ﻭﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﻳﺔ ﺿﺪ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻡ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻗﻴﻢ
ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ.
ﻭﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻗﻴﻢ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻣﻴﻮﻝ ﻟﻠﻮﻳﻜﻮﺑﻴﻨﻴﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ
ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻐﺰﻯ ﻃﺒﻲ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺔ، ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻝ
ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ، ﻭﺗﺪﻋﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻮﻳﻜﻮﺑﻴﻨﻴﺎ ﺃﺛﻴ
Dr
19:10
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