weight and, 1074

Type 2 diabetes, 1073t

CHD and, 1143

clinical presentation of, 1076

diet for, 1080

in elderly, 1141–1146

diet for, 1142

exercise for, 1142

nutrition therapy and, 1080

obesity and, 1075

pathogenesis of, 1074–1076, 1075–1076f

prevention of, 1079–1080

risk factors for, 1077t

screening, 1076, 1077t

SMBG for, 1133

sulfonylureas for, 1117–1122

treatment of, 1111–1146

weight and, 1075

Type 2 Diabetes Evaluation of Ranolazine in Subjects with Chronic Stable Angina (TERISA), 223

Type II idiopathic RPGN, 641

Typhoid fever (enteric fever), 1455–1457

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), 48

U

UACR (see Urine albumin to urine creatinine ratio (UACR))

UBT (see Urea breath test (UBT))

UFH (see Unfractionated heparin (UFH))

UFR (see Ultrafiltration (UFR))

UK Gene Therapy Consortium, 452

UKPDS (see United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS))

Ulcerative colitis (UC)

pathophysiology and clinical presentation, 524–525

remission induction, 525–526

corticosteroids, 525–526

sulfasalazine and 5-aminosalicylic acid, 526

remission maintenance, 527–528

immunosuppressive and biological agents, 527–528

mesalamine, 527

treatment algorithm for, 527f

vaccinations in IBD patient, 528

ULT (see Urate-lowering therapy (ULT))

Ultrafiltration (UFR), 649

for HF, 296

Ultrarapid opiate detoxification (UROD), 1879

Ultrasonography, for biliary obstruction, 1472

Ultraviolet A (UVA), psoriasis and, 838

Ultraviolet B (UVB), psoriasis and, 836, 838–839

Ultraviolet protection factor (UPF), 854, 854t

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR)

BCC and, 848

and carcinogenesis mechanisms, 848

CMM and, 848

environmental effects on, 846–847

erythema and, 847

exposure to, 846–857

eye and, 848

long-term effects of, 850

oxygen-free radicals and, 847

protective eyewear for, 855

SCC and, 848

skin diseases and, 846

skin tanning and, 848

spectrum of, 846, 846f, 847t

sunburn and, 847–848

sunscreens and, 849t

Uncompetitive enzyme inhibition, 42

Unfractionated heparin (UFH), 176

limitations of, 237

LMWH and, 177t

United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), 608, 1078

United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), 541

United States Preventive Services Task Force, 2086

United States Renal Data System (USRDS), 599

UNOS (see United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS))

Unstable angina (UA), 232

treatment for

anticoagulant therapy, 254–255

antithrombotic therapy, 255–256

invasive vs. ischemia-guided strategy, 254

ischemia-guided strategy, 257

UPF (see Ultraviolet protection factor (UPF))

Upper endoscopy and biopsy, 507

Upper gastrointestinal (GI) disorders

acid-related disorders, pharmacotherapy of drugs

antacids and alginic acid, 482, 484

bismuth salts, 486

histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RA), 484

misoprostol, 486

proton-pump inhibitors (PPI), 484–486

sucralfate, 486

dyspepsia, 487f

clinical assessment and diagnosis, 488

pathophysiology, 487

treatment, 488, 488t

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

antireflux surgery, 511

classification systems for endoscopically determined, 507t

clinical assessment and diagnosis, 506–507

clinical presentation, 504

dietary and lifestyle modifications to manage, 505t

epidemiology, 502–503

etiology and risk factors, 503

extraesophageal manifestations, 509–511

maintenance therapy, 509

nonerosive reflux disease, 509

on-demand pharmacotherapy, 509

pathophysiology, 503–504

pharmacotherapy, 508–509

proton-pump inhibitor and histamine-2 receptor antagonists, 509

risk factors, 503t