Interleukin-1 (IL-1), 367

Interleukin-18 (IL-18), 635

Intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL), 103, 103t

Intermittent CF arthritis, 454

Intermittent claudication (IC), 162

annual incidence of, 163t

aspirin in, 167–168

cilostazol in, 168

diabetes mellitus effect on, 167t

erythrocyte inflexibility in, 164f

exercise therapy in, 166, 166t

outcomes in patients with, 163t

pentoxifylline in, 168

smoking cessation and, 165–166, 166t

Intermittent hemodialysis, 648

Intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC), 189

Internal mammary artery (IMA), 226, 226f

International ascites club (IAC), 554, 555

International Classification of Headache Disorders, 1233, 1234

International Conference on Harmonization (ICH), 327

International Headache Society (IHS)

headache, definition of, 1234

International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), 2260

International League Against Epilepsy, 1275

International normalized ratio (INR), 35, 69, 80–82, 181, 473, 540–541

International sensitivity index (ISI), 181

International Society for Hepatic Encephalopathy and Nitrogen Metabolism (ISHEN), 551

International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis, 661

International Society for Premenstrual Disorders (ISPMD), 1022–1023

International Society of Nephrology and the Renal Pathology Society (ISN/RPS) classification, 625, 625t

International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Overt DIC Scoring System, 374, 375t

International System of Units (SI), 17

Interprofessional education (IPE)

core competencies, 95–96

definition of, 96

future of, 98

incorporating in curriculum, 96–97

models, 97–98

potential barriers to, 98

suggested criteria for engagement for, 98t

terminology, 96

Interprofessional Education Collaboration (IPEC), 95

Interstitial cystitis, 1501

Interstitial nephritis, 692

Intestinal failure–associated liver disease (IFALD), 805

Intra-abdominal abscess, 1479–1480

Intra-abdominal infections, 1469–1481

after abdominal trauma, 1480–1481

abscesses, 1480

bacteriology of, 1477t

biliary tract infections, 1471–1473

GI flora and, 1470, 1470f

pathogens in, 1471t

as postoperative complications, 1480–1481

primary peritonitis, 1473–1477

secondary peritonitis, 1477–1478

Intra-amniotic infections, 1140

Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), 361

complications of, 365–366

Intra-articular therapy, for OA of knee, 873

Intracellular fluid (ICF), 21

Intractable migraine, 1240

Intradialytic hypotension (IDH), 657

Intramuscular drug absorption, 2129–2130

Intraocular pressure (IOP), 1149

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), 971

Intrauterine infection, 989

Intrauterine insemination (IUI), 959

Intravenous fat emulsion (IVFE), 792–793, 797

Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG), 716

Intravenously (IV), 176

Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experience (IPPE), 96

Intussusception, 453

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs), 1556

In vitro fertilization (IVF), 960f, 961–966, 962–963t, 962f

IOM (see Institute of Medicine (IOM))

Ionic binding, 48

IOP (see Intraocular pressure (IOP))

IPC (see Intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC))

IPE (see Interprofessional education (IPE))

IPEC (see Interprofessional Education Collaboration (IPEC))

Ipecac-induced emesis, 66

IPPE (see Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experience (IPPE))

IRIS (see Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS))

Iron, 2155

for anemia, 2145

in breast milk, 2143

chelator, 1980

in cow’s milk, 2145

fortified infant formula, 2145

and hepatic dysfunction, 2126

in human milk, 2143

and smoking, 2274

therapy, 613–614

toxicity, stages of, 73

Iron deficiency anemia

causes of, 1929t

dietary reference intakes, 1929, 1929t

laboratory tests, 1930

predisposing factors, 1929–1930

signs, 1930

symptoms, 1930

therapy, 1930–1933

goals of, 1931

oral dosing, 1930

parenteral, 1931–1933

patient information, 1931

product selection, 1930–1931

Irreversible enzyme inhibition, 42

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), 1019

associated pain and bloating, 535–536

diagnosis, 532–534

alarm symptoms, 532t

with diarrhea, 536

etiology, 532

management, 534

pathophysiology, 532

pharmacotherapy for IBS-C, 534–535

treatment algorithm for, 533f

Irritant contact dermatitis, 820

IRT (see Immunoreactive trypsin (IRT) levels)

IRT testing, 456

Ischemia, 208

Ischemic bowel, 1209

Ischemic stroke

acute

alteplase use in treatment of, 1310t

blood pressure treatment in, 1310t

complications of, 1313

early management of, 1307–1308

prognosis of, 1313

stroke education, 1312–1313

treatment algorithm for, 1309f

treatment of, 1307–1313

definition of, 1302

drugs for preventing, 1307t

epidemiology of, 1302–1303

etiology of, 1302f

pathophysiology, 1303–1304

and postmenopausal hormone therapy, 1031t

primary prevention, 1304–1307, 1305t

pharmacotherapy, 1306–1307

risk factors modification, 1304–1306

risk factors for, 1303t

secondary prevention after, 1313–1315

antiplatelet therapy for, 1313–1315

surgical interventions for, 1315

treatment principles, 1304

ISH (see Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH))

p. 2348

p. 2349

ISHEN (see International Society for Hepatic Encephalopathy and Nitrogen Metabolism (ISHEN))

ISI (see International sensitivity index (ISI))

ISIS-2 (see Second International Study of Infarct Survival)

Islet cell autoantibodies (ICA), 1074

Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), 145

Isoniazid hepatitis, 1435–1436

ISPMD (see International Society for Premenstrual Disorders (ISPMD))

ITP (see Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP))

IUGR (see Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR))

IUI (see Intrauterine insemination (IUI))

IV (see Intravenously (IV))

IVF (see In Vitro fertilization (IVF))

IVFE (see Intravenous fat emulsion (IVFE))

IVIG (see Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG))

J

Janeway lesions, 1386, 1387f

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (JHR), 1521, 1724

JC DNA polyomavirus (JCV), 1228

JCV (see JC DNA polyomavirus (JCV))

Jelliffe formula, for CrCl estimation, 24

JHR (see Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (JHR))

JIA (see Juvenile idiopathic arthritis ( JIA))

JNC-8 guidelines, for hypertension management, 136–138, 137f, 139–140, 142, 144–147, 151, 153, 156

Joint and bone involvement, in cystic fibrosis, 454

The Joint Commission, 2

Joint Commission, The, 749

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis ( JIA), 900–904

clinical presentation and classification, 900

enthesitis-related, 900

prognosis, 901

psoriatic, 900

symptoms, 900

systemic, 900

treatment, 901–904

biologic agents, 903–904

corticosteroids, 902–903

DMARD therapy, 903–904

nonpharmacologic efforts, 901

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, 1275t

K

Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ), 269

Katal (kat), 28

KCCQ (see Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ))

KDIGO (see Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO))

Ketone testing, for type 1 diabetes, 1082

Kidney Disease Clinical Practice Guidelines, 598t

Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), 598, 604, 606, 631

clinical practice guideline for lipid management, 115, 115t

Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI), 598, 652, 655

Kidney, drug hypersensitivity reactions in, 692

Kidney function, and ACEI, 285–286

Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1), 635

Kidney transplantation, 652

acute rejection treatment, 728

BK polyomavirus infection, 733–735

calcineurin inhibitor avoidance, withdrawal, or minimization, 729–730

calcineurin inhibitor-induced nephrotoxicity, 729

cyclosporine, 730–731

donor and recipient matching, 723–724

immunosuppressive therapy, 724–725

indications and evaluation, 723

postoperative course and delayed graft function, 726

post-transplantation diabetes mellitus, 732

post-transplantation metabolic and cardiovascular complications, 732

posttransplant hyperlipidemia, 733

posttransplant hypertension, 732–733

posttransplant osteoporosis, 733

rejection, 727–728

thymoglobulin and antithymocyte globulin, 725–726

Klebsiella pneumoniae, 977

Kleihauer-Betke test, 999

Koebner phenomenon, 833

KOH (see Potassium hydroxide (KOH) stain)

Korotkoff sounds, 134, 134t, 135f

Kwashiorkor malnutrition, 751

L

Labor (see also Pregnancy)

Braxton-Hicks contractions, 988

cervical dilation, 988–989

cervical ripening, 989–990

and chorioamnionitis, 988, 996

contraindications to, 988–989

false, 988

HIV in, 996–997

hygroscopic dilators, use of, 989

induction of, 988–991

latent phase duration of, 988

onset of true, 988

and preeclampsia, 988

preterm delivery, 991–994

third stage of, 988

uterine activity, 988

uterine hyperstimulation, 990

Laboratory tests, 15–37

acid–base status and, 558, 558t

and blood chemistry reference values, 17–20t

cardiac biomarkers and, 27–29

for drug poisoning, 76

for electrolytes, 21–25

general principles related to, 15–17

hematologic, 20–21t, 31–35

for infectious diarrhea, 1449–1450

liver function tests, 29–30

miscellaneous tests, 19t, 30–31

multichemistry panels, 25–27, 26t

in osteomyelitis, 1536

patient-directed monitoring/testing, 36–37

preanalytical variation and, 16t

proteins and, 27

and reference range, 15–16

reliability indicators of, 16–17

for syphilis, 1519

therapeutic drug monitoring, 36

units of measure for, 17

urinalysis, 35–36

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 28–29

blood chemistry reference values for, 19t

Lactation