TRIPASS XR تري باس

 

Gastrointestinal decontamination, 66–67

for acetaminophen toxicity, 79

drug poisoning and, 77

in iron ingestion, 72

Gastrointestinal involvement, in cystic fibrosis, 453

Gastrointestinal tract (GI), 41, 45t, 168, 180

drug poisoning and, 75

and emetic response, 466

functional units of, 769t

normal flora of, 1470, 1470f

physiology of, 481–482, 481–482f

Gastroparesis, diabetes and, 1129

Gastrostomy, 770, 770f

GBM (see Glomerular basement membrane (GBM))

GBS infection (see Group B streptococcal (GBS) infection)

GCA (see Giant cell arteritis (GCA))

GCS (see Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS))

GDM (see Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM))

GDMT (see Guideline-directed therapy (GDMT))

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

and abnormalities of receptor function, 1736

assessment of, 1739–1740

clinical course of, 1734

clinical presentation of, 1739–1740

comorbidity associated with, 1734

diagnosis of, 1734, 1736

epidemiology of, 1734

etiology of, 1736

major depression and, 1736

OCD and, 1734

pathophysiology, 1736

role of genetic factors, 1736

simple phobia and, 1734

social anxiety disorder and, 1734

symptoms of, 1736t, 1739

treatment, 1736

benzodiazepines, 1740–1746

buspirone, 1746

CBT, 1736

nonpharmacologic, 1736

patient selection, 1740

pharmacologic, 1736

Generalized hypersensitivity reactions

anaphylaxis, 686–688, 689t

autoimmune drug reactions, 691–692

drug fever, 688–690, 690t

drug-induced vasculitis, 691, 691t

hypersensitivity vasculitis, 690, 691t

serum sickness, 688

Generalized tonic-clonic seizures, 1274

and absence seizures, 1291–1294

Gene therapy, 452

Genetics

differences in drug metabolizing enzymes, 682

migraine headache and, 1236

polymorphism, 43

Geneticsm and obesity, 758–759

Genital herpes, 1527–1532

clinical course of, 1528, 1528f

complications of, 1531–1532

diagnostic tests for, 1529

epidemiology of, 1527

etiology of, 1527

patient education and counseling in, 1531

pregnancy and, 1531–1532

recurrence of, 1528

signs and symptoms of, 1528

transmission of, 1528–1529

treatment of, 1529–1531, 1530t

Genital warts, 1532–1533

Genitourinary atrophy

symptoms of, 1036–1037

treatment, 1037

Genitourinary involvement, in cystic fibrosis, 454

Genitourinary surgery, prophylaxis for, 1345t

GERD (see Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD))

Geriatric depression, 1831

Geriatric neurocognitive disorders

Alzheimer’s disease

clinical presentation, 2236–2237

diagnosis, 2236–2237

etiology, 2235

neuropathology, 2235–2236

prognosis, 2237

treatment, 2238–2239

dementia

behavioral disturbances in, 2242–2245, 2244t

causes of, 2234t–2235t

clinical diagnosis, 2232–2235

incidence, 2232

prevalence, 2232

screening tests, 2235t

stages of, 2237t

symptoms, 2234t

Lewy body, 2240

vascular dementia

clinical presentation, 2241

diagnosis, 2241

etiology, 2240

neuropathology, 2240

treatment, 2242

Geriatrics (see Elderly)

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), 978, 1076

diagnosis of, 981

diagnostic criteria, 981, 1076–1077, 1077t

and dietary modifications, 981

and exercise, 981

insulin therapy for, 981–982

risk factors, 981

risk of developing, 982

treatment, 981–982

Gestational hypertension, 983

GFR (see Glomerular filtration rate (GFR))

GGT (see Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT))

GHGs (see Greenhouse gases (GHGs))

GI (see Gastrointestinal tract (GI))

Giant cell arteritis (GCA), 924–925, 925t

Giardiasis, 1707–1708

diagnosis of, 1707

Giardia lamblia, 1707

cyst, 1707f

life cycle of trophozoites, 1707

prevalence and transmission, 1707

symptoms of, 1707

GI, 1707

tests for, 1707

treatment of, 1707–1708

GI intolerance, 1603

GINA (see Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA))

Ginkgo biloba, in IC treatment, 171

GIOP (see Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP))

GI radiography, 493

GISP (see Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project (GISP))

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), 551, 2211, 2211t

Glaucoma, 1149–1150

angle-closure, 1150, 1158, 1159t

definition of, 1149

medical management of, 1154f

open-angle, 1150, 1155–1157t

primary open-angle, 1150–1153

p. 2340

p. 2341

Gleason score, 2088, 2088f

Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), 397

Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), 409

Global Registry of Acute Cardiac Events (GRACE), 235

Global Utilization of Streptokinase and t-PA for Occluded Arteries (GUSTO), 250

Globulin, 27

blood chemistry reference values for, 18t

Glomerular basement membrane (GBM), 641

Glomerular disease

chronic glomerulopathies, 624–629

nephrotic syndrome, 624

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), 137, 142, 265–266, 632, 635–636, 1210

quantifying, 602–603

Glomerulonephritis, 624

Glucagon, 25, 1075

Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP), 2286–2287

Glucose, 25

blood chemistry reference values for, 18t

EN and, 781–782

Glucose homeostasis, drug-induced alterations in

hyperglycemia, 1146

hypoglycemia, 1147

Glucose intolerance, in sepsis, 1321

Glutamine, 777

Glycated serum albumin, 1083

Glycated serum protein, 1083

Glycemic control

in ICU, 1216–1217

methods of monitoring, 1082–1083

to microvascular and macrovascular disease, 1078–1079, 1078–1079t

Glycemic index foods, 1011

Glycerol, 792

Glycocalyx, 1379

Glycoprotein I (GPI), 175

Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, in ACS, 256t (see also Acute coronary syndrome (ACS))

Glycoproteins, 717

Glycosylated hemoglobin, 25

blood chemistry reference values for, 18t

for chronic glycemia, 1083

GnRH (see Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH))

GOLD (see Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD))

Goldfrank’s Toxicologic Emergencies, 65

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), 1006

Gonadotropins, 959–960

Gonococcal arthritis, 1543–1544

Gonococcal conjunctivitis, 1164

Gonococcal endocarditis, 1514

Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project (GISP), 1508, 1510f, 1511f

Gonorrhea, 1506–1512

anorectal, 1511–1512

complicated, 1514

diagnosis of

in females, 1508

in males, 1508

incidence of, 1507

by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 1506

pharyngeal, 1511–1512

rates by sex, 1507f

signs and symptoms of

in females, 1508

in males, 1508

tests, 1019

transmission of, 1507

uncomplicated, 1507–1511

treatment of, 1508–1511, 1509t

Gout

ACR/EULAR classification criteria, 910–911t

acute, 907–915

alcohol consumption, 915

chronic, 915–919

commonly affected joints, 907

comparison of ACR, EULAR, and BSR/BHPR guidelines for, 912t

diagnosis, 908

diet modification, 915

and ethanol consumption, 908

ice, 915

joint fluid aspiration, 908

laboratory tests, 908

and nocturnal occurrence, 907

number and type of joints, 907

pain, 907

pathophysiology of, 907

pharmacist role in education and management of gout, 919

and physicalstress, 908

pseudogout, 908–909

radiographic findings, 908

risk factors for, 908

CHD, 908

renal dysfunction, 908

treatment, 909–915

uric acid disposition, 907

GPI (see Glycoprotein I (GPI))

GRACE (see Global Registry of Acute Cardiac Events (GRACE))

Gram-negative bacillary meningitis, 1377–1378

Gram stain, 1325

Granulocyte transfusions, 1569

Granulocytopenia, 1062–1063

Graves’ disease (see Hyperthyroidism)

Gravida, 968

Greenhouse gases (GHGs), 847

Green zone, of PEF, 402

Group B streptococcal (GBS) infection, 995–996

Guided imagery, 1197t

Guideline-directed therapy (GDMT), 262, 268

Guillain-Barré syndrome, 1674

GUSTO (see Global Utilization of Streptokinase and t-PA for Occluded Arteries (GUSTO))

Gut function, 1208–1209

Guttate psoriasis, 833 (see also Psoriasis)

G. vaginalis, 996

H

HAART (see Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART))

Haemophilus ducreyi, chancroid by, 1521

Haemophilus influenzae, 418, 455, 2164, 2195

Hallucinogens, 1886–1888

Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), 1740

Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), 1816, 1847

Hantavirus infections

associated clinical diseases, 1659

cause of illness, 1658

clinical presentation of, 1659

transmission of illness, 1658

treatment, 1659

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), 1659

HAP (see Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP))

Harris–Benedict equation, 751, 752t, 753–754, 797

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, 1039, 1042, 1068, 1069

HAV (see Hepatitis A virus (HAV))

HBV (see Hepatitis B virus (HBV))

HCTs (see Hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HCTs))

HCV (see Hepatitis C virus (HCV))

HCV genotype, 539

HCV RNA (see Hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid (HCV RNA))

HD (see Hemodialysis (HD))

HDL (see High-density lipoprotein (HDL))

HDV (see Hepatitis D virus (HDV))

Headache, 1041t (see also Cluster headache; Migraine headache; Tension-type headache)

acute, 1234

cluster, 1234

abortive therapy for, 1243–1244

pathophysiology of, 1243

prophylactic therapy for, 1244

signs and symptoms of, 1243

drug therapy for, 1235

factors involved in precipitating, 1236

migraine, 1234

without aura, 1236–1240

and contraception, 934

intractable, 1240

medication overuse, 1242–1243

pathophysiology of, 1235–1236

prophylactic therapy for, 1240–1242

quantitative assessment instruments for, 1236

pathologic basis of, 1235

and postmenopausal hormone therapy, 1032t

prevalence of, 1233

primary headache disorders, 1234

secondary, 1234–1235

subacute, 1234–1235

p. 2341

p. 2342

tension-type, 1234

general management and abortive therapy for, 1244–1245

interprofessional management of, 1245

pathophysiology of, 1244

prophylactic therapy for, 1245

and TK inhibitor, 2031

Headache Impact Test (HIT-6), 1236

Head and neck surgery, prophylaxis for, 1345t

The Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, 11

Healthcare providers, 49

Heart failure (HF), 208

ADHF, 267

angiotensin receptor blockers in, 283t

cardiac overload, 264–265

cardiac resynchronization therapy, 272, 300–301

cardiogenic shock and, 359

PCWP and, 294

classification of, 267–268

clinical trials of pharmacotherapy, 302–303t

critical care management of, 295–296

diet and, 304–305

drugs induce, 276t

with ejection fraction, 301–304

etiology of, 263–265

evaluation of

drug-induced heart failure, 275

signs and symptoms of, 273–275, 274t

herbal products for, 304–305

high-output, 263

with hypertension, 262

incidence, prevalence, and epidemiology of, 262–263

intravenous vasodilators, 296–298

ischemic, 264

left ventricular assist devices, 272

low-output, 263

management of, 269f

mechanisms, systolic, 265f

nonischemic, 264

nutritionalsupplements for, 304–305

NYHA classification of, 262f, 275

pathophysiology of, 265–268

predisposing factors, 275

with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, 301–304, 302–303t

race and, 294–295

risk factors of, 262, 275

signs and symptoms of, 236

stages of, 267–268

supraventricular arrhythmias and, 292

treatment

ACEI, 279–284

aldosterone antagonists, 289–290

critical care management of, 295–296

digitalis glycosides, 290–293

diuretics, 277–279

inotropic agents, 298–299

intravenous vasodilators, 296–298

non–angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor vasodilator therapy, 293–294

pharmacotherapy of, 294–295

principles of, 268–273

side effects of, 284–287

therapeutic objectives, 275–276

ventricular arrhythmias complicating, 299–301

β-blockers in, 287–289

Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE), 167

Heart Protection Study (HPS), 115

Heart rate (HR)

normal values of, 349t

shock states and, 352t

Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), 201

HeartWare left ventricular assist device (HVAD), 272

Helicobacter pylori, 259, 485, 2162

diagnostic tests for, infection, 491–492t

fecal antigen test, 492, 492t

and GERD, 504

host immune response, 490

indications for testing and treating infection, 488t

nonendoscopic tests, 491–492, 492t

oral drug regimens used to eradicate, 493–494t

patients with penicillin allergies, 497–498

rapid urease test, 491, 491t

related ulcers, 489, 490

direct mucosal damage, 490

secondary or rescue therapy for, 498

tests for detecting, 491–492, 491–492t

transmission, 489

urea breath test (UBT), 492, 492t

HELLP syndrome, 983, 985, 986

Helsinki Heart Study (HHS), 123

Hematochezia, 198

Hematocrit (Hct), 20, 31, 181, 209–210, 1477

Hematologic toxicities, 1969–1973

Hematopoietic growth factors, 1557, 1569–1570

Hematopoietic stem cell lineage, 31, 32f

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HCTs), 2030

allogeneic, 2102

from bone marrow, 2107

GVT effect, 2108

harvesting of, 2107–2108

and hepatic VOD, 2113–2114

and HGFs, 2113

histocompatibility of, 2107

indications for, 2106

from peripheral blood progenitor cells, 2107–2108

from placenta blood, 2108

preparation of, 2107–2108

preparative regimens for, 2108–2110

sinusoidal obstructive syndrome (SOS), 2113–2114

toxicities, 2105t

transplanting method, 2107–2108

from umbilical cord, 2108

with an unrelated cord blood donor, 2108

autologous, 2102–2106

complications, 2105–2106

hematopoietic growth factors after, 2106

indications, 2103, 2103t

myeloablative preparative regimen followed by, 2105, 2105t

basic schema, 2103f

comparison of types, 2102t

complications associated with, 2111–21114, 2111f

busulfan seizures, 2111–21112

chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal effects, 2112–2113

graft rejection, 2114, 2115f

hemorrhagic cystitis, 2112

infectious, 2120–2125, 2121t

graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), 2114–2120, 2116–2117t, 2119t

graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect in treatment, 2102

harvesting of, 2104

issues of survivorship after, 2125–2126

overview of, 2102, 2102t

posttransplantation immunosuppressive therapy, 2110, 2110t

representative myeloablative preparative regimens used in, 2105t

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