52 Mandible and Dental Arch

Lateral aspect of the facial bones. Mandible and teeth in the position

of occlusion. Upper and lower jaw occluded.

Mandible of the adult (superior aspect).

Right half of mandible (medial aspect).

1 Temporal bone

2 Temporal fossa (greater

wing of sphenoidal bone)

3 Infratemporal crest

4 Infratemporal fossa

5 Zygomatic arch

6 Frontal bone

7 Zygomatic bone (frontal process)

8 Lacrimal bone

9 Nasal bone

10 Lacrimal groove

11 Maxilla (canine fossa)

12 Alveolar process of maxilla

Mandible

13 Condylar process

14 Mandibular notch

15 Ramus of the

mandible

16 Masseteric tuberosity

17 Angle of the mandible

18 Body of the mandible

19 Coronoid process

20 Alveolar process

including teeth

21 Oblique line

22 Mental foramen

23 Mental protuberance

24 Head of the mandible

Mandible of the adult (anterior aspect).

25 Genial tubercle

or mental spine

26 Mandibular

foramen (entrance

to mandibular

canal)

27 Lingula

28 Mylohyoid sulcus

29 Mylohyoid line

30 Submandibular

fossa

31 Sublingual fossa

53

30

31

32

33

16

34

35

36

21

22

23

1

24

25

26

27

28

29

Ligaments of the Temporomandibular Joint

1 Groove for sigmoid sinus

2 Mandibular nerve

3 Lateral pterygoid muscle

4 Styloid process

5 Sphenomandibular ligament

6 Stylomandibular ligament

7 Mylohyoid groove

8 Ethmoidal air cells

9 Ethmoidal bulla

10 Hiatus semilunaris

11 Middle meatus

12 Inferior nasal concha

13 Limen nasi

14 Vestibule with hairs

15 Inferior meatus

16 Hard palate

17 Soft palate

18 Vestibule of oral cavity

19 Lower lip

20 Mandible

21 Calvaria with diploe

22 Sella turcica

23 Internal acoustic meatus

24 Atlanto-occipital articulation

25 Median atlanto-axial articulation

26 Atlas (C1)

27 Dens of axis (C2)

28 Spinous process of axis (C2)

29 Cervical vertebrae (C3, C4)

30 Frontal sinus

31 Crista galli

32 Sphenoidal sinus

33 Nasal septum

34 Mandibular foramen

35 Mylohyoid line

36 Bodies of cervical

vertebrae (C5, C6)

37 Articular capsule

38 Lateral ligament

39 Mastoid process

40 Styloid process

Head and cervical vertebral column (median section through skull and cervical

vertebrae, medial aspect).

Ligaments of temporomandibular joint. Left half of the head (medial aspect).

Ligaments related to the

temporomandibular joint

(schematic drawing).

8

9

10

1

3

2

4

12

5

7

18

16

21

22

23

24

13

14

3

17

19

20

54 Temporomandibular Joint

Temporomandibular joint.

Dissection of the articular disc and

the related muscles (lateral aspect).

Temporomandibular joint with ligaments.

Temporomandibular joint, sagittal section.

1 Zygomatic arch

2 Articular capsule

3 External acoustic meatus

4 Lateral ligament

5 Mandibular notch

6 Stylomandibular ligament

7 Ramus of the mandible

8 Zygomatic bone

9 Coronoid process

10 Maxilla

11 Articular cartilage of

condylar process

12 Styloid process

13 Mandibular fossa

14 Articular disc

15 Articular tubercle

16 Lateral pterygoid muscle

17 Condylar process of mandible

18 Temporalis muscle

19 Digastric muscle, posterior belly

20 Masseter muscle

21 Medial pterygoid muscle

22 Parotid duct

23 Buccinator muscle

24 Mandible

Temporomandibular Joint and Masticatory Muscles 55

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

2

3

13

6

14

15

16

12

8

11

10

4

Effect of the masticatory muscles on the

temporomandibular joint (arrows).

Muscles of mastication and temporomandibular joint. Masseter muscle partly removed.

1 Galea aponeurotica

2 Temporalis muscle

3 Zygomatic arch

4 Temporomandibular joint

5 External acoustic meatus

6 Mandible

7 Buccinator muscle

8 Masseter muscle (cut)

9 Platysma muscle

10 Lateral pterygoid muscle

11 Posterior belly of digastric muscle

12 Stylohyoid muscle

13 Medial pterygoid muscle

14 Anterior belly of digastric muscle

15 Mylohyoid muscle

16 Hyoid bone

56 Masticatory Muscles: Temporalis and Masseter Muscles

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

3

4

11

12

13

14

7

8

Muscles of mastication. The temporomandibular joint and the masseter and temporalis muscles are shown.

Temporalis muscle with insertion at the

mandible and the temporomandibular joint.

Zygomatic arch and masseter muscle have

been partly removed.

1 Galea aponeurotica

2 Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis muscle

3 Temporalis muscle

4 Zygomatic arch

5 Temporomandibular joint

6 External acoustic meatus

7 Mandible

8 Masseter muscle

9 Buccinator muscle

10 Platysma muscle

11 Articular disc of temporomandibular joint

12 Coronoid process of mandible

13 Condylar process of mandible

14 Mastoid process

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

6

4

5

7

9

Masticatory Muscles: Pterygoid Muscles 57

Muscles of mastication. The zygomatic arch and part of the mandible have been removed to reveal the

medial and lateral pterygoid muscles.

Medial and lateral pterygoid muscles and

their connections with the articular disc of the

temporomandibular joint (schematic drawing).

1 Galea aponeurotica

2 Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis muscle

3 Temporalis muscle

4 Zygomatic arch

5 Articular disc of temporomandibular joint

6 Lateral pterygoid muscle

7 Medial pterygoid muscle

8 Buccinator muscle

9 Mandible

10 Masseter muscle

11 Platysma muscle

58 Facial Muscles

1 Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis

muscle

2 Corrugator supercilii muscle

3 Palpebral part of orbicularis oculi

muscle

4a Transverse part of nasalis muscle

4b Alar part of nasalis muscle

5 Levator labii superioris alaeque

nasi muscle

6 Levator labii superioris muscle

7 Zygomaticus major muscle

8 Levator anguli oris muscle

9 Parotid duct

10 Orbicularis oris muscle

11 Masseter muscle

12 Depressor anguli oris muscle

13 Mentalis muscle

14 Sternocleidomastoid muscle

15 Procerus muscle

16 Depressor supercilii muscle

17 Orbital part of orbicularis

oculi muscle

18 Zygomaticus minor muscle

19 Buccinator muscle

20 Risorius muscle

21 Depressor labii inferioris muscle

22 Platysma muscle

23 Galea aponeurotica

24 Temporoparietalis muscle

25 Occipital belly of occipitofrontalis

muscle

26 Parotid gland with fascia

27 Temporal fascia

28 Orbicularis oculi muscle

29 Parotid duct and masseter muscle

Facial muscles (anterior aspect). Left side: superficial layer, right side: deeper layer.

Facial muscles (schematic drawing).

Left side: superficial layer, right side: deeper layer.

Facial muscles (schematic drawing). Sphincter-like muscles

surround the orifices of the head. Radially arranged muscles work as

their antagonists.

Facial Muscles 59

Facial muscles and parotid gland (lateral aspect). Platysma muscle (oblique lateral aspect). Superficial

lamina of cervical fascia partly removed.

Facial muscles (lateral aspect).