Disarticulated Skull I: Temporal Bone 27

Sphenoidal, occipital, and left temporal bone. Base of the skull (external aspect).

Left temporal bone (lateral aspect).

Temporal bone

18 Squamous part

19 Carotid canal

20 Hiatus of facial canal

(for the greater petrosal nerve)

21 Arcuate eminence

22 Groove for the sigmoid sinus

23 Mastoid foramen

24 Internal acoustic meatus

25 Zygomatic process

26 Mandibular fossa

27 Petrotympanic fissure

28 Canalis musculotubarius

(bony part of auditory tube)

29 External acoustic meatus

30 Styloid process (remnant only)

31 Stylomastoid foramen

32 Mastoid canaliculus

33 Jugular fossa

34 Mastoid process

35 Mastoid notch

36 Groove for middle

meningeal vessels

37 Parietal margin

38 Sphenoidal margin

39 Occipital margin

40 Cochlear canaliculus

41 Aqueduct of the vestibule

42 Apex of the petrous part

43 Tympanic part

44 Trigeminal impression

45 Articular tubercle

46 Parietal notch

47 Groove for the superior

petrosal sinus

Occipital bone

48 Clivus

49 Jugular tubercle

50 Condylar canal

51 Foramen magnum

52 Lower part of squamous

occipital bone

(cerebellar fossa)

53 Internal occipital protuberance

54 Groove for the transverse sinus

55 Groove for the superior sagittal sinus

56 Internal occipital crest

57 Upper part of squamous occipital

bone (cerebral fossa)

58 Condyle

59 Nuchal plane

60 Superior nuchal line

61 External occipital protuberance

62 Jugular foramen

63 Inferior nuchal line

64 Pharyngeal tubercle

65 Spheno-occipital synchondrosis

14

8

18

22

21

24

23

20

28 Disarticulated Skull I: Frontal Bone

Part of a disarticulated skull (right lateral aspect). The frontal bone and the maxilla are connected

with the temporal bone by the zygomatic bone (orange). Sphenoidal bone (black), palatine bone (red),

lacrimal bone (yellow).

Frontal bone (inferior aspect). The ethmoidal foveolae cover the

ethmoidal cavities of the ethmoidal bone.

Frontal bone (posterior aspect).

Frontal bone

1 Nasal margin

2 Trochlear fossa

3 Fossa for lacrimal gland

4 Anterior ethmoidal foramen

5 Posterior ethmoidal foramen

6 Nasal spine

7 Supra-orbital notch

8 Supra-orbital margin

9 Orbital plate

10 Roofs of the ethmoidal air cells

11 Ethmoidal notch

12 Parietal margin

13 Groove for superior sagittal sinus

14 Squamous part of frontal bone

15 Frontal crest

16 Foramen cecum

17 Nasal spine

18 Zygomatic process of frontal bone

19 Juga cerebralia

Facial bones

20 Maxilla

21 Frontal process of maxilla

22 Lacrimal bone (yellow)

23 Zygomatic bone (orange)

24 Zygomaticofacial foramen

Temporal bone

25 Squamous part of temporal bone

26 External acoustic meatus

27 Mastoid process

28 Styloid process

29 Mandibular fossa

30 Articular tubercle

31 Zygomatic process

Occipital bone

32 Squamous part of occipital bone

Calvaria 29

Calvaria (superior aspect).

Left parietal bone (external aspect). Left parietal bone (internal aspect).

Calvaria (posterior aspect).

1 Frontal bone 8 Sagittal margin 15 Occipital bone

2 Coronal suture 9 Occipital margin 16 External occipital protuberance

3 Sagittal suture 10 Frontal margin 17 Inferior nuchal line

4 Parietal bone 11 Squamous margin 18 Occipitomastoid suture

5 Superior temporal line 12 Sphenoidal angle 19 Temporal bone

6 Parietal foramen 13 Groove for middle meningeal artery 20 Mastoid process

7 Parietal tuber or eminence 14 Lambdoid suture 21 Mastoid notch

30

1 Frontal crest

2 Foramen cecum

3 Crista galli

4 Cribriform plate of ethmoidal bone

5 Lesser wing of sphenoidal bone

6 Superior orbital fissure

7 Foramen rotundum

8 Carotid sulcus

9 Middle cranial fossa

10 Foramen ovale

11 Foramen spinosum

12 Clivus

13 Groove for superior petrosal sinus

14 Jugular foramen

15 Groove for sigmoid sinus

16 Internal occipital crest

17 Groove for transverse sinus

18 Internal occipital protuberance

19 Digitate impressions

20 Anterior cranial fossa

21 Chiasmatic sulcus

22 Anterior clinoid process

23 Optic canal

24 Sella turcica (hypophysial fossa)

25 Posterior clinoid process

26 Dorsum sellae

27 Foramen lacerum

28 Groove for greater petrosal nerve

29 Internal acoustic meatus

30 Hypoglossal canal

31 Foramen magnum

32 Posterior cranial fossa

33 Diploe

Base of the Skull

Base of the skull, calvaria removed (internal aspect).

31

1 Olfactory bulb

2 Optic nerve (n. II)

3 Ophthalmic nerve (n. V1)

4 Maxillary nerve (n. V2)

5 Mandibular nerve (n. V3)

6 Trigeminal nerve (n. V) with

trigeminal ganglion

7 Facial nerve (n. VII) and

vestibulocochlear nerve (n. VIII)

8 Glossopharyngeal nerve (n. IX),

vagus nerve (n. X) and

accessory nerve (n. XI)

9 Anterior meningeal artery

10 Internal carotid artery

11 Oculomotor nerve (n. III) and

trochlear nerve (n. IV)

12 Abducent nerve (n. VI)

13 Middle meningeal artery and

meningeal branch of mandibular

nerve

14 Greater and lesser petrosal nerves

15 Basilar artery

16 Vertebral artery

17 Posterior meningeal artery and

recurrent meningeal nerve

18 Hypoglossal nerve (n. XII)

19 Medulla oblongata

Anterior

cranial

fossa

Middle

cranial

fossa

Posterior

cranial

fossa

Olfactory nerves (n. I),

Anterior ethmoidal artery, vein, and nerve,

Anterior meningeal artery

Optic nerve (n. II), Ophthalmic artery

Oculomotor nerve (n. III), Trochlear nerve (n. IV),

Abducent nerve (n. VI), Ophthalmic nerve (n. V1),

Superior ophthalmic vein

Maxillary nerve (n. V2)

Mandibular nerve (n. V3)

Middle meningeal artery,

Meningeal branch of mandibular nerve (n. V3)

Internal carotid artery

Facial nerve (n. VII), Vestibulocochlear nerve (n. VIII),

Artery and vein of the labyrinth

Glossopharyngeal nerve (n. IX), Vagus nerve (n. X),

Accessory nerve (n. XI), Internal jugular vein,

Posterior meningeal artery

Hypoglossal nerve (n. XII)

Accessory nerve (n. XI, spinal root), Vertebral arteries,

Anterior and posterior spinal arteries, Medulla oblongata

Lamina cribrosa

Optic canal

Superior orbital fissure

Foramen rotundum

Foramen ovale

Foramen spinosum

Carotid canal

Internal acoustic meatus,

Stylomastoid foramen,

Facial canal

Jugular foramen

Hypoglossal canal

Foramen magnum

Nasal cavity

Orbit

Orbit

Pterygopalatine fossa

Infratemporal fossa

Infratemporal fossa

Cavernous sinus, Base of skull

Inner ear, Face

Parapharyngeal

region

Tongue

Base of skull

Cranial nerves and vessels Related foramina Related regions

Base of the Skull

Base of the skull with cranial nerves and meningeal arteries (internal

aspect, schematic drawing).

32 Base of the Skull

Base of the skull (inferior aspect).