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l INDICATIONS AND DOSE

Symptomatic relief of allergic rhinitis and urticaria

▶ BY MOUTH USING TABLETS

▶ Child 12–17 years: 10 mg once daily

▶ Adult: 10 mg once daily

l CAUTIONS Elderly—limited information available . history

of QT-interval prolongation . predisposition to arrhythmia . uncorrected hypokalaemia

l INTERACTIONS → Appendix 1: antihistamines, nonsedating

l SIDE-EFFECTS

▶ Common or very common Asthenia . dizziness . drowsiness . dry mouth . headache

▶ Uncommon Appetite increased . arthralgia . back pain . concentration impaired . constipation . cough . diarrhoea . dry throat. eosinophilia (in children). epistaxis . fever. gastrointestinal discomfort. increased risk of infection . irritability . malaise . myalgia . nasal dryness . nausea . neutropenia (in children). night sweats (in children). oropharyngeal pain . skin reactions .thirst. vomiting . weight increased

▶ Rare or very rare Palpitations .tachycardia

SIDE-EFFECTS, FURTHER INFORMATION Non-sedating

antihistamines such as rupatadine cause less sedation and

psychomotor impairment than the older antihistamines,

but can still occur; sedation is generally minimal. This is

because non-sedating antihistamines penetrate the blood

brain barrier to a much lesser extent.

l PREGNANCY Most manufacturers of antihistamines advise

avoiding their use during pregnancy; however, there is no

evidence of teratogenicity.

l BREAST FEEDING Most antihistamines are present in

breast milk in varying amounts; although not known to be

harmful, most manufacturers advise avoiding their use in

mothers who are breast-feeding.

l HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT Manufacturer advises avoid (no

information available).

l RENAL IMPAIRMENT Manufacturer advises avoid—no

information available.

l MEDICINAL FORMS There can be variation in the licensing of

different medicines containing the same drug.

Tablet

▶ Rupatadine (Non-proprietary)

Rupatadine (as Rupatadine fumarate) 10 mg Rupatadine 10mg

tablets | 30 tablet P £30.00 DT = £30.00

ANTIHISTAMINES › SEDATING ANTIHISTAMINES

Alimemazine tartrate 11-Sep-2018

(Trimeprazine tartrate)

l INDICATIONS AND DOSE

Urticaria | Pruritus

▶ BY MOUTH

▶ Child 2–4 years: 2.5 mg 3–4 times a day

282 Allergic conditions BNF 78

Respiratory system

3

▶ Child 5–11 years: 5 mg 3–4 times a day

▶ Child 12–17 years: 10 mg 2–3 times a day, in severe cases

up to maximum daily dose has been used; maximum

100 mg per day

▶ Adult: 10 mg 2–3 times a day, in severe cases up to

maximum daily dose has been used; maximum 100 mg

per day

▶ Elderly: 10 mg 1–2 times a day

l CONTRA-INDICATIONS Children under 2 years except on

specialist advice (safety of such use has not been

established). epilepsy . hepatic dysfunction . history of

narrow angle glaucoma . hypothyroidism . myasthenia

gravis . Parkinson’s disease . phaeochromocytoma . prostatic hypertrophy (in adults).renal dysfunction

l CAUTIONS Cardiovascular diseases (due to tachycardiainducing and hypotensive effects of phenothiazines). elderly . exposure to sunlight should be avoided during

treatment with high doses . pyloroduodenal obstruction . urinary retention . volume depleted patients who are more

susceptible to orthostatic hypotension

l INTERACTIONS → Appendix 1: antihistamines, sedating

l SIDE-EFFECTS Agitation . agranulocytosis . amenorrhoea . atrioventricular block . autonomic dysfunction . bile

thrombus . consciousness impaired . drug fever. dry mouth . eosinophilia . erectile dysfunction . eye disorder. galactorrhoea . gynaecomastia . hepatic disorders . hyperprolactinaemia . hyperthermia . hypotension . insomnia . leucopenia (on prolonged high dose). movement disorders . muscle rigidity . nasal congestion . neuroleptic malignant syndrome . pallor. parkinsonism . photosensitivity reaction . postural hypotension (more

common in the elderly or in volume depletion). QT

interval prolongation .respiratory depression . seizure . skin reactions .tardive dyskinesia (more common after

long term high doses).tremor. ventricular fibrillation

(increased risk with hypokalamia and cardiac disease). ventricular tachycardia (increased risk with hypokalamia

and cardiac disease)

SIDE-EFFECTS, FURTHER INFORMATION Drowsiness may

diminish after a few days.

Patients on high dosage may develop photosensitivity

and should avoid exposure to direct sunlight.

Children and elderly patients are more susceptible to

side-effects.

l PREGNANCY Most manufacturers of antihistamines advise

avoiding their use during pregnancy; however, there is no

evidence of teratogenicity. Use in the latter part of the

third trimester may cause adverse effects in neonates such

as irritability, paradoxical excitability, and tremor.

l BREAST FEEDING Most antihistamines are present in

breast milk in varying amounts; although not known to be

harmful, most manufacturers advise avoiding their use in

mothers who are breast-feeding.

l HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT Manufacturer advises avoid—no

information available.

l RENAL IMPAIRMENT Avoid.

l PATIENT AND CARER ADVICE

Driving and skilled tasks Drowsiness may affect

performance of skilled tasks (e.g. cycling or driving);

sedating effects enhanced by alcohol.

l MEDICINAL FORMS There can be variation in the licensing of

different medicines containing the same drug. Forms available

from special-order manufacturers include: oral solution

Oral solution

CAUTIONARY AND ADVISORY LABELS 2

▶ Alimemazine tartrate (Non-proprietary)

Alimemazine tartrate 1.5 mg per 1 ml Alimemazine 7.5mg/5ml oral

solution | 100 ml P £179.55 DT = £179.55

Alimemazine tartrate 6 mg per 1 ml Alimemazine 30mg/5ml oral

solution | 100 ml P £243.51 DT = £243.51

Tablet

CAUTIONARY AND ADVISORY LABELS 2

▶ Alimemazine tartrate (Non-proprietary)

Alimemazine tartrate 10 mg Alimemazine 10mg tablets | 28 tablet P £112.85 DT = £112.85

Chlorphenamine maleate 09-Jul-2018

(Chlorpheniramine maleate)

l INDICATIONS AND DOSE

Symptomatic relief of allergy such as hay fever, urticaria,

food allergy, drug reactions | Relief of itch associated

with chickenpox

▶ BY MOUTH

▶ Child 1–23 months: 1 mg twice daily

▶ Child 2–5 years: 1 mg every 4–6 hours; maximum 6 mg

per day

▶ Child 6–11 years: 2 mg every 4–6 hours; maximum

12 mg per day

▶ Child 12–17 years: 4 mg every 4–6 hours; maximum

24 mg per day

▶ Adult: 4 mg every 4–6 hours; maximum 24 mg per day

▶ Elderly: 4 mg every 4–6 hours; maximum 12 mg per day

▶ BY INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION, OR BY INTRAVENOUS

INJECTION

▶ Child 1–5 months: 250 micrograms/kg (max. per dose

2.5 mg), repeated if necessary; maximum 4 doses per

day

▶ Child 6 months–5 years: 2.5 mg, repeated if necessary;

maximum 4 doses per day

▶ Child 6–11 years: 5 mg, repeated if necessary; maximum

4 doses per day

▶ Child 12–17 years: 10 mg, repeated if necessary;

maximum 4 doses per day

▶ Adult: 10 mg, repeated if necessary; maximum 4 doses

per day

Emergency treatment of anaphylactic reactions

▶ BY INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION, OR BY INTRAVENOUS

INJECTION

▶ Child 1–5 months: 250 micrograms/kg (max. per dose

2.5 mg), repeated if necessary; maximum 4 doses per

day

▶ Child 6 months–5 years: 2.5 mg, repeated if necessary;

maximum 4 doses per day

▶ Child 6–11 years: 5 mg, repeated if necessary; maximum

4 doses per day

▶ Child 12–17 years: 10 mg, repeated if necessary;

maximum 4 doses per day

▶ Adult: 10 mg, repeated if necessary; maximum 4 doses

per day

l UNLICENSED USE Tablets not licensed for use in children

under 6 years. Syrup not licensed for use in children under

1 year.

IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION

MHRA/CHM ADVICE (MARCH 2008 AND FEBRUARY 2009) OVERTHE-COUNTER COUGH AND COLD MEDICINES FOR CHILDREN

Children under 6 years should not be given over-thecounter cough and cold medicines containing

chlorphenamine.

l CAUTIONS Epilepsy . prostatic hypertrophy (in adults). pyloroduodenal obstruction . susceptibility to angleclosure glaucoma . urinary retention

l INTERACTIONS → Appendix 1: antihistamines, sedating

l SIDE-EFFECTS

GENERAL SIDE-EFFECTS

▶ Common or very common Concentration impaired . coordination abnormal . dizziness . dry mouth . fatigue . headache . nausea . vision blurred

BNF 78 Allergic conditions 283

Respiratory system

3

▶ Frequency not known Agitation . appetite decreased . blood

disorder. bronchial secretion viscosity increased . depression . diarrhoea . haemolytic anaemia . hypotension . irritability . muscle twitching . muscle weakness . nightmare . palpitations . photosensitivity reaction . skin

reactions .tinnitus . urinary retention . vomiting

SPECIFIC SIDE-EFFECTS

▶ Common or very common

▶ With oral use Drowsiness

▶ Frequency not known

▶ With oral use Angioedema . arrhythmias . chest tightness . confusion . gastrointestinal discomfort. hepatic disorders

▶ With parenteral use Central nervous system stimulation . confusional psychosis (in adults). dyspepsia . gastrointestinal disorder. hepatitis . sedation

SIDE-EFFECTS, FURTHER INFORMATION Children and

elderly patients are more susceptible to side-effects.

l PREGNANCY Most manufacturers of antihistamines advise

avoiding their use during pregnancy; however, there is no

evidence of teratogenicity. Use in the latter part of the

third trimester may cause adverse effects in neonates such

as irritability, paradoxical excitability, and tremor.

l BREAST FEEDING Most antihistamines are present in

breast milk in varying amounts; although not known to be

harmful, most manufacturers advise avoiding their use in

mothers who are breast-feeding.

l HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT Manufacturer advises caution.

l DIRECTIONS FOR ADMINISTRATION For intravenous

injection, give over 1 minute; if small dose required, dilute

with Sodium Chloride 0.9%.

l PATIENT AND CARER ADVICE

Medicines for Children leaflet: Chlorphenamine maleate for allergy

symptoms www.medicinesforchildren.org.uk/chlorphenaminemaleate-allergy-symptoms-0

Driving and skilled tasks Drowsiness may affect

performance of skilled tasks (e.g. cycling or driving);

sedating effects enhanced by alcohol.

l PROFESSION SPECIFIC INFORMATION

Dental practitioners’ formulary

▶ With oral use Chlorphenamine tablets may be prescribed.

Chlorphenamine oral solution may be prescribed.

l EXCEPTIONS TO LEGAL CATEGORY

▶ With intramuscular use or intravenous use Prescription only

medicine restriction does not apply to chlorphenamine

injection where administration is for saving life in

emergency.

l MEDICINAL FORMS There can be variation in the licensing of

different medicines containing the same drug. Forms available

from special-order manufacturers include: oral solution

Solution for injection

▶ Chlorphenamine maleate (Non-proprietary)

Chlorphenamine maleate 10 mg per 1 ml Chlorphenamine

10mg/1ml solution for injection ampoules | 5 ampoule P £22.48–

£22.50 DT = £22.50

Oral solution

CAUTIONARY AND ADVISORY LABELS 2

▶ Chlorphenamine maleate (Non-proprietary)

Chlorphenamine maleate 400 microgram per

1 ml Chlorphenamine 2mg/5ml oral solution sugar free sugar-free |

150 ml p £2.78 DT = £2.21

▶ Allerief (Crescent Pharma Ltd)

Chlorphenamine maleate 400 microgram per 1 ml Allerief

2mg/5ml oral solution sugar-free | 150 ml p £2.21 DT = £2.21

▶ Piriton (GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare)

Chlorphenamine maleate 400 microgram per 1 ml Piriton

2mg/5ml syrup | 150 ml p £2.78 DT = £2.78

Tablet

CAUTIONARY AND ADVISORY LABELS 2

▶ Chlorphenamine maleate (Non-proprietary)

Chlorphenamine maleate 4 mg Chlorphenamine 4mg tablets | 28 tablet p £1.00 DT = £0.76

▶ Allerief (Crescent Pharma Ltd)

Chlorphenamine maleate 4 mg Allerief 4mg tablets | 28 tablet p

£1.74 DT = £0.76

▶ Hayleve (Genesis Pharmaceuticals Ltd)

Chlorphenamine maleate 4 mg Hayleve 4mg tablets | 28 tablet p

£0.76 DT = £0.76

▶ Piriton (GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare)

Chlorphenamine maleate 4 mg Piriton 4mg tablets | 500 tablet p

£6.96

Piriton Allergy 4mg tablets | 30 tablet p £2.06 | 60 tablet p £3.73

▶ Pollenase (chlorphenamine) (E M Pharma)

Chlorphenamine maleate 4 mg Pollenase Antihistamine 4mg

tablets | 30 tablet p £1.00

Clemastine 09-Jul-2018

l INDICATIONS AND DOSE

Symptomatic relief of allergy such as hay fever, urticaria

▶ BY MOUTH

▶ Adult: 1 mg twice daily, increased if necessary up to

6 mg daily

l CONTRA-INDICATIONS Avoid in Acute porphyrias p. 1058

l CAUTIONS Elderly . epilepsy . prostatic hypertrophy . pyloroduodenal obstruction . stenosing peptic ulcer. susceptibility to angle-closure glaucoma . urinary

retention

l INTERACTIONS → Appendix 1: antihistamines, sedating

l SIDE-EFFECTS

▶ Common or very common Asthenia . sedation

▶ Uncommon Dizziness

▶ Rare or very rare Abdominal pain . agitation . constipation . dry mouth . dyspnoea . headache . nausea . palpitations . rash .tachycardia

l PREGNANCY Most manufacturers of antihistamines advise

avoiding their use during pregnancy; however, there is no

evidence of teratogenicity. Use in the latter part of the

third trimester may cause adverse effects in neonates such

as irritability, paradoxical excitability, and tremor.

l BREAST FEEDING Most antihistamines are present in

breast milk in varying amounts; although not known to be

harmful, most manufacturers advise avoiding their use in

mothers who are breast-feeding.

l PATIENT AND CARER ADVICE

Driving and skilled tasks Drowsiness may affect

performance of skilled tasks (e.g. driving); sedating effects

enhanced by alcohol.

l MEDICINAL FORMS There can be variation in the licensing of

different medicines containing the same drug.

Tablet

CAUTIONARY AND ADVISORY LABELS 2

▶ Tavegil (GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare)

Clemastine (as Clemastine hydrogen fumarate) 1 mg Tavegil 1mg

tablets | 60 tablet p £6.66 DT = £6.66

Cyproheptadine hydrochloride 30-Jun-2018

l INDICATIONS AND DOSE

Symptomatic relief of allergy such as hay fever, urticaria |

Pruritus

▶ BY MOUTH

▶ Adult: 4 mg 3 times a day, usual dose 4–20 mg daily;

maximum 32 mg per day

l CONTRA-INDICATIONS Avoid in Acute porphyrias p. 1058

l CAUTIONS Epilepsy . prostatic hypertrophy . pyloroduodenal obstruction . susceptibility to angleclosure glaucoma . urinary retention

l INTERACTIONS → Appendix 1: antihistamines, sedating

284 Allergic conditions BNF 78

Respiratory system

3

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