1 Umbilicus

2 Duodenum

3 Ascending part of duodenum

4 Root of mesentery

5 Small intestine

6 Mesentery

7 Rectus abdominis muscle

8 Uterus

9 Vesico-uterine pouch

10 Urinary bladder (collapsed)

11 Pubic symphysis

12 Anterior fornix of vagina

13 Urethra

14 Clitoris

15 Labium minus

16 Labium majus

17 Vertebral canal with cauda equina

18 Intervertebral disc

19 Body of fifth lumbar vertebra

20 Sacral promontory

21 Mesosigmoid

22 Sigmoid colon

23 Recto-uterine pouch

(of Douglas)

24 Ampulla of rectum

25 Posterior fornix of vagina

26 Cervix of uterus

27 External anal sphincter muscle

28 Anal canal

29 Vagina

30 Internal anal sphincter muscle

31 Anus

32 Hymen

33 Left ureter

34 Peritoneum (cut edge)

35 Right ureter (divided)

36 Median umbilical fold

with urachus

37 Infundibulum of uterine tube

38 Fimbriae of uterine tube

39 Ovary

40 Uterine tube (isthmus)

41 Round ligament of uterus

Female Urogenital System 355

Coronal section through the female urinary bladder and urethra

(anterior aspect).

1 Muscular coat of urinary bladder

2 Folds of mucous membrane of urinary

bladder

3 Right ureteric orifice

4 Interureteric fold

5 Internal urethral orifice

6 Vesico-uterine venous plexus

7 Urethra

8 Pubic bone (cut edge)

9 External urethral orifice

10 Vestibule of vagina

11 Left ureteric orifice

12 Trigone of bladder

13 Obturator internus muscle

14 Levator ani muscle

15 Bulb of the vestibule

16 Left labium minus

17 Psoas major muscle

18 Ampulla of rectum

19 Uterus

20 Urinary bladder

21 Promontory

22 Sigmoid colon

23 Uterine tube

24 Head of femur

25 Vagina

Coronal section through the pelvic cavity of the female (MRI scan).

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The urogenital system of the female

differs greatly from that of the male.

During embryonal development, the

uterus and ovary remain within the

pelvic cavity where, after puberty,

the ovulation takes place. Therefore,

the urinary system remains functionally separated from the genital

organs in the female.

356 Female Genital Organs (isolated)

1 Ovary

2 Mesovarium

3 Fundus of uterus

4 Vesico-uterine pouch

5 Cervix of uterus

6 Vaginal portion of cervix

7 Vagina

8 Crus of clitoris

9 Labium minus

10 Fimbriae of uterine tube

11 Infundibulum of uterine tube

12 Ligament of the ovary

13 Mesosalpinx

14 Uterine tube

15 Suspensory ligament of ovary

(caudally displaced)

16 Broad ligament of uterus

17 Round ligament of uterus

18 Corpus cavernosum of clitoris

19 Glans of clitoris

20 Hymen, vaginal orifice

21 Promontory

22 Linea terminalis of pelvis

23 Pubic symphysis

Female genital organs, isolated (anterior aspect). The anterior wall of the vagina has been opened to display the vaginal portion of

the cervix.

Female internal genital organs (schematic drawing).

Female Genital Organs (isolated) 357

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1 Fundus of uterus

2 Uterine tube

3 Ligament of the ovary

4 Ovary

5 Infundibulum of uterine tube

6 Fimbriae of uterine tube

7 Ureter

8 Rectum

9 Apex of urinary bladder and

median umbilical ligament

10 Urinary bladder

11 Round ligament of uterus

12 Mesosalpinx

13 Mesovarium

14 Recto-uterine pouch (of Douglas)

15 Suspensory ligament of ovary

16 Scarring of ovary (following

ovulation)

17 Abdominal opening of uterine

tube

18 Body of uterus

19 Cervical canal

20 Vaginal portion of cervix of uterus

(congestion)

21 Vagina

22 Mucous membrane of uterus

23 Anterior fornix of vagina

Female genital organs, isolated (supero-posterior aspect).

Right ovary and uterine tube, isolated (supero-posterior aspect). The fimbriae of the

uterine tube have been reflected to show the abdominal ostium.

Uterus and related organs (posterior aspect). The posterior wall of the uterus has been

opened.

358 Female Internal Genital Organs

Female internal genital organs. Pelvic cavity (seen from above). The uterus has been reflected to the right.

Female internal genital organs. Pelvic cavity (seen from above).

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1 Median umbilical fold with urachus

2 Urinary bladder

3 Insertion of uterine tube

at fundus of uterus

4 Round ligament of uterus

5 Ligament of ovary

6 Uterine tube (isthmus)

7 Ovary

8 Ampulla of uterine tube

9 Rectum

10 Uterus

11 Vagina

12 Recto-uterine pouch

(of Douglas)

13 Fimbriae of uterine tube

14 Suspensory ligament of ovary

15 Right common iliac artery

(covered by peritoneum)

16 Mesosalpinx

17 Sigmoid colon

18 Saphenous opening

19 Vesico-uterine pouch

Female Internal Genital Organs: Uterus and Related Organs 359

View of the female pelvis

showing uterus and related

organs (superior aspect).

Fullterm uterus with placenta (anterior aspect).

The anterior wall of the uterus has been removed to

show the location of the placenta.

1 Ilio-inguinal nerve

2 Ureter

3 Psoas major muscle

4 Genitofemoral nerve

5 Common iliac vein

6 Common iliac artery

7 Ovary

8 Uterine tube

9 Peritoneum

10 Round ligament of uterus

11 Inferior vena cava

12 Abdominal aorta

13 Superior hypogastric plexus

14 Rectum

15 Recto-uterine pouch

(of Douglas)

16 Uterus

17 Vesico-uterine pouch

18 Urinary bladder

19 Iliac crest

20 Pubic symphysis

21 Placenta

22 Amnion and chorion

23 Adnexa of uterus

(uterine tube and ovaries)

24 Myometrium

25 Internal orifice of uterus

26 Cervix of uterus

27 Umbilical cord

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360 Female Internal Genital Organs: Arteries and Lymph Vessels

Arteries of female genital organs (schematic drawing).

Pelvic vessels in the female (arteriography, antero-posterior view).

Main drainage routes of lymph vessels of uterus and

its adnexa (indicated by arrows). (Schematic drawing.)

Red = arteries; black = lymph vessels and nodes.

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