442 Skeleton of the Foot

Bones of right foot (dorsal aspect).

Bones of right foot together with tibia

and fibula (posterior aspect).

Bones of right foot (plantar aspect).

1 Tuberosity of distal phalanx of great toe

2 Distal phalanx of great toe

3 Proximal phalanx of great toe

4 Head of first metatarsal bone

5 First metatarsal bone

6 Base of first metatarsal bone

7 Medial cuneiform bone

8 Intermediate cuneiform bone

9 Position of cuneonavicular joint

10 Navicular bone

Skeleton of the Foot 443

Bones of right foot, tibia, and fibula (lateral aspect).

Bones of right foot, tibia, and fibula (medial aspect).

11 Position of talocalcaneonavicular joint

12 Head of talus

13 Neck of talus

14 Trochlea of talus

15 Posterior talar process

16 Distal phalanges

17 Middle phalanges

18 Position of interphalangeal joints

19 Proximal phalanges

20 Position of metatarsophalangeal joints

21 Metatarsal bones

22 Position of tarsometatarsal joints

23 Lateral cuneiform bone

24 Tuberosity of fifth metatarsal bone

25 Cuboid bone

26 Position of calcaneocuboid joint

27 Calcaneus

28 Tarsal sinus

29 Lateral malleolar surface of talus

30 Peroneal trochlea of calcaneus

31 Groove for tendon of peroneus longus

32 Calcaneal tuberosity

33 Sustentaculum tali

34 Tibia

35 Medial malleolus

36 Fibula

37 Position of tibiofibular syndesmosis

38 Position of ankle joint

39 Lateral malleolus

40 Position of subtalar joint

444 Ligaments of the Pelvis and Hip Joint

Ligaments of pelvis and hip joint (anterior aspect).

1 Iliolumbar ligament

2 Iliac crest

3 Fifth lumbar vertebra

4 Sacral promontory

5 Anterior superior iliac spine

6 Inguinal ligament

7 Sacrospinous ligament

8 Greater trochanter

9 Iliofemoral ligament (vertical band)

10 Lesser trochanter

11 Fourth lumbar vertebra

12 Iliolumbar and ventral sacro-iliac

ligaments

13 Sacrum

14 Iliopectineal arch

15 Iliofemoral ligament (horizontal band)

16 Obturator canal

17 Obturator membrane

18 Greater sciatic foramen

19 Sacrospinous ligament

20 Sacrotuberous ligament

21 Lesser sciatic foramen

22 Ischial tuberosity

23 Ischiofemoral ligament

24 Intertrochanteric crest

25 Femur

26 Articular capsule of hip joint

27 Dorsal sacro-iliac ligaments

28 Coccyx with superficial dorsal

sacrococcygeal ligament

29 Head of femur

30 Articular cartilage of head of femur

31 Articular cavity of hip joint

32 Acetabular lip

33 Spongy bone

34 Ligament of head of femur

35 Pubofemoral ligament

36 Zona orbicularis

Ligaments of pelvis and hip joint (right posterior aspect). Coronal section of right hip joint (anterior aspect).

Ligaments of the Pelvis and Hip Joint 445

1 Femur

2 Lesser trochanter

3 Neck of femur

4 Head of femur

5 Fovea of head with cut edge of

ligament of head

6 Lunate surface of acetabulum

7 Acetabular lip

8 Acetabular fossa

9 Transverse acetabular ligament

10 Inguinal ligament

11 Iliopectineal arch

12 Pubic symphysis

13 Pubic bone

14 Obturator canal

15 Ligament of head of femur

16 Obturator membrane

17 Ischium

18 Anterior longitudinal ligament

(level of fifth lumbar vertebra)

19 Sacral promontory

20 Iliolumbar ligament

21 Iliac crest

22 Anterior superior iliac spine

23 Iliofemoral ligament (horizontal

band)

24 Iliofemoral ligament (vertical

band)

25 Greater trochanter

26 Pubofemoral ligament

27 Anterior inferior iliac spine

28 Ventral sacro-iliac ligaments

29 Sacrospinous ligament

30 Sacrotuberous ligament

31 Intertrochanteric line

32 Ischiofemoral ligament

33 Zona orbicularis

Right hip joint, opened (latero-anterior aspect). The ligament of the head of the femur has been

divided, and the femur has been posteriorly reflected.

Ligaments of the pelvis and hip

joint (antero-lateral aspect).

Ligaments of hip joint (anterior aspect, schematic drawing). Ligaments of hip joint (posterior aspect, schematic drawing).

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446 Knee Joint

Sagittal section through the knee joint (lateral aspect).

Anterior surface to the left.

Sagittal section through the knee joint (MRI scan;

from Heuck et al., MRT-Atlas, 2009).

Left knee joint with anterior cruciate ligament (lateral

aspect).

Right knee joint and tibiofibular joint with ligaments

(lateral aspect). Note the position of the lateral meniscus.

1 Femur

2 Quadriceps femoris muscle

3 Suprapatellar bursa and articular cavity

4 Patella

5 Articular cartilage of femur

6 Infrapatellar fat pad

7 Patellar ligament

8 Tibia

9 Tibial nerve

10 Adductor magnus muscle

11 Popliteal vein

12 Semitendinosus muscle

13 Semimembranosus muscle

14 Popliteal artery

15 Gastrocnemius muscle

16 Anterior cruciate ligament

17 Posterior cruciate ligament

18 Popliteus muscle

19 Soleus muscle

20 Lateral epicondyle of femur

21 Fibular collateral ligament

22 Head of fibula

23 Fibula

24 Articular cavity of knee joint

25 Lateral meniscus of knee joint

26 Lateral condyle of tibia

27 Tibiofibular joint

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Ligaments of the Knee Joint 447

Right knee joint (opened) with ligaments (anterior aspect).

The patella and articular capsule have been removed and the

femur slightly flexed.

Articular surface of right tibia, menisci, and cruciate ligaments (superior aspect).

Anterior margin of tibia above.

Right knee joint with ligaments (posterior aspect). The joint is

extended and the articular capsule has been removed.

1 Femur

2 Articular capsule with suprapatellar

bursa

3 Patellar surface

4 Lateral condyle of femur

5 Lateral meniscus of knee joint

6 Fibular collateral ligament

7 Lateral condyle of tibia

(superior articular surface)

8 Fibula

9 Medial condyle of femur

10 Tibial collateral ligament

11 Anterior cruciate ligament

12 Medial meniscus of knee joint

13 Transverse ligament of knee

14 Patellar ligament

15 Common tendon of sartorius,

semitendinosus, and gracilis muscles

16 Tibia

17 Posterior cruciate ligament

18 Medial condyle of tibia

(superior articular surface)

19 Posterior meniscofemoral ligament

20 Head of fibula

21 Tendon of semimembranosus muscle

22 Posterior attachment of articular

capsule of knee joint

23 Lateral epicondyle of femur

448 Ligaments of the Knee Joint

Right knee joint, opened (anterior aspect). Patellar ligament with

patella reflected.

1 Iliotibial tract

2 Articular muscle of knee

3 Patellar surface

4 Lateral condyle of femur

5 Articular capsule

6 Infrapatellar fat pad

7 Patella (articular surface)

8 Suprapatellar bursa

9 Quadriceps femoris muscle

10 Anterior cruciate ligament

11 Medial condyle of femur

12 Tibial collateral ligament

13 Posterior cruciate ligament

14 Medial epicondyle of femur

15 Intercondylar fossa of femur

16 Fibular collateral ligament

17 Medial meniscus of knee joint

18 Medial intercondylar tubercle

19 Femur

20 Lateral epicondyle of femur

21 Lateral meniscus of knee joint

22 Epiphysial line of tibia

23 Tibia

24 Vastus medialis muscle

25 Vastus lateralis muscle

26 Great saphenous vein

27 Fibula

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