Anterior Abdominal Wall 293

1 Left ventricle with pericardium

2 Diaphragm

3 Remnant of liver

4 Ligamentum teres

(free margin of falciform ligament)

5 Site of umbilicus

6 Medial umbilical fold

(containing the obliterated umbilical artery)

7 Lateral umbilical fold (containing inferior

epigastric artery and vein)

8 Median umbilical fold

(containing remnant of urachus)

9 Head of femur and pelvic bone

10 Urinary bladder

11 Root of penis

12 Falciform ligament of liver

13 Rib (divided)

14 Iliac crest (divided)

15 Site of deep inguinal ring and

lateral inguinal fossa

16 Iliopsoas muscle (divided)

17 Medial inguinal fossa

18 Supravesical fossa

19 Posterior layer of rectus sheath

20 Transversus abdominis muscle

21 Umbilicus and arcuate line

22 Inferior epigastric artery

23 Femoral nerve

24 Iliopsoas muscle

25 Remnant of umbilical artery

26 Femoral artery and vein

27 Tendinous intersection of rectus abdominis

muscle

28 Rectus abdominis muscle

29 Interfoveolar ligament

30 Pubic symphysis (divided)

31 External iliac artery and vein

Anterior abdominal wall with pelvic cavity and thigh (frontal section, male)

(internal aspect).

Anterior abdominal wall (male) (internal

aspect). The peritoneum and parts of the

posterior layer of rectus sheath have been

removed. Dissection of inferior epigastric

arteries and veins.

294 Stomach

Stomach (ventral aspect).

Position of the stomach. Parasagittal section through upper

part of left abdominal cavity 3.5 cm lateral to median plane.

1 Esophagus

2 Cardial notch

3 Cardial part of stomach

4 Lesser curvature of stomach

5 Pyloric sphincter

6 Angular notch (incisura angularis)

7 Pyloric canal

8 Pyloric antrum

9 Fundus of stomach

10 Greater curvature of stomach

11 Body of stomach

12 Folds of mucous membrane (gastric rugae)

13 Gastric canal

14 Right ventricle of heart

15 Diaphragm (cut edge)

16 Abdominal portion of esophagus

17 Liver

18 Cardial part of stomach (cut edge)

19 Position of pyloric canal

20 Body of stomach

21 Transverse colon

22 Small intestine

23 Lung (cut edge)

24 Fundus of stomach (section)

25 Lumbar portion of diaphragm (cut edge)

26 Suprarenal gland

27 Splenic vein

28 Pancreas

29 Superior mesenteric artery and vein

30 Intervertebral disc

Mucosa of posterior wall of stomach (ventral aspect).

295

1

2

4

5

6

7

9

10

11

12

13

8

1

2

3

4

6

8

14

9

10

11

1

3

5

8

14

9

15

11

10

12

13

Stomach

Muscular coat of stomach, inner layer (ventral aspect).

1 Esophagus (abdominal part)

2 Cardial notch

3 Cardial part of stomach

4 Longitudinal muscle layer at lesser curvature of stomach

5 Lesser curvature

6 Incisura angularis

7 Circular muscle layer of pyloric part of stomach

8 Pyloric sphincter muscle

9 Fundus of stomach

10 Circular muscle layer of fundus of stomach

11 Longitudinal muscle layer of greater curvature of stomach

12 Greater curvature of stomach

13 Longitudinal muscle layer (transition from body to pyloric

part of stomach)

14 Pyloric part of stomach

15 Oblique muscle fibers

Muscular coat of stomach, outer layer (ventral aspect). Muscular coat of stomach, middle layer (ventral aspect).

296

12

11

16

25

17

3

4

7

22

23

24

8

1

Pancreas and Bile Ducts

Upper abdominal organs. Pancreas, duodenum, and left kidney are shown. Stomach and transverse colon have been removed, liver

elevated; superior mesenteric vein is slightly enlarged.

1 Liver

2 Hepatic artery proper

3 Hepatic duct

4 Cystic duct

5 Pylorus

6 Gastroduodenal artery

7 Gallbladder

8 Duodenum

9 Transverse colon (cut)

10 Ascending colon

11 Spleen

12 Cardia

13 Splenic artery

14 Common hepatic artery

15 Portal vein

16 Pancreas (body)

17 Duodenojejunal flexure

18 Kidney (with capsula adiposa)

19 Ureter

20 Superior mesenteric artery and vein

21 Aorta (abdominal part)

22 Common bile duct

23 Lesser duodenal papilla

24 Greater duodenal papilla

25 Pancreatic duct

Pancreas, duodenum, and extrahepatic bile ducts (anterior aspect,

schematic drawing).

297

21

20

22

23

19

17

16

8

10

18

24

9

Pancreas and Bile Ducts

1 Left hepatic duct

2 Right hepatic duct

3 Cystic duct

4 Neck of gallbladder

5 Body of gallbladder

6 Fundus of gallbladder

7 Common hepatic duct

8 Common bile duct

9 Pancreatic duct

10 Greater duodenal papilla

11 Second lumbar vertebra

12 Folds of mucous membrane of gallbladder

13 Muscular coat of gallbladder

14 Neck of gallbladder (opened)

15 Cystic duct with spiral fold

16 Lesser duodenal papilla

17 Accessory pancreatic duct

18 Uncinate process

19 Plica circularis of duodenum (Kerckring’s fold)

20 Head of pancreas

21 Body of pancreas

22 Tail of pancreas

23 Descending part of duodenum

24 Incisure of pancreas

Radiograph of biliary ducts, gallbladder, and pancreatic duct

(antero-posterior view).

Isolated gallbladder and cystic duct (anterior aspect).

The gallbladder has been opened to display the mucous membrane.

Pancreas with descending part of duodenum (posterior aspect). The duodenum was opened to display the duodenal papillae. Pancreatic

duct has been dissected, the common bile duct has been divided. The sphincter of Oddi is shown.

298 Liver

1 Ribs (cut edges)

2 Diaphragm

3 Diaphragmatic surface of liver

4 Falciform ligament of liver

5 Right lobe of liver

6 Fundus of gallbladder

7 Gastrocolic ligament

8 Greater omentum

9 Aorta

10 Esophagus

11 Left lobe of liver

12 Stomach

13 Ligamentum teres

14 Transverse colon

15 Right atrium of heart

16 Central tendon and sternal

portion of diaphragm

17 Liver (cut edge)

18 Entrance to duodenum (pylorus)

19 Stomach

20 Duodenum

21 Transverse colon

(divided, dilated)

22 Small intestine

23 Thoracic aorta

(longitudinally divided)

24 Esophagus

(longitudinally divided)

25 Esophageal hiatus of diaphragm

26 Omental bursa (lesser sac)

27 Splenic artery

28 Pancreas

29 Left renal vein

30 Intervertebral disc

31 Abdominal aorta

(longitudinally divided)

Liver in situ (ventral aspect). Part of the diaphragm has been removed.

Liver in situ. Parasagittal section through the left side of the abdomen 2 cm lateral to

median plane.