Vessels of the Head and Neck: Arteries and Veins
20 Occipital branch of occipital
24 Phrenic nerve and ascending
25 Superficial cervical artery
26 Suprascapular artery and nerve
27 Brachial plexus and anterior
28 Lateral cord of brachial plexus
31 Superficial temporal artery
vagus nerve, and thyroid gland
39 Parotid gland and facial nerve
43 Cephalic vein in deltopectoral
48 Superficial temporal artery
50 Cervical branch of facial nerve
51 Internal jugular vein, common
Arteries of head and neck (antero-lateral aspect). Clavicle, sternocleidomastoid muscle, and
veins have been partly removed; the arteries have been colored.
Veins of head and neck. Sternocleidomastoid muscle and anterior thoracic
wall partly removed. Note the venous connection with the superior vena cava.
Vessels of the Head and Neck: Veins
been removed. Veins are colored blue; arteries, red.
The internal jugular vein is the continuation of the
sigmoid sinus, which drains most of the venous blood from
the brain together with the external cerebrospinal fluid. By
joining the subclavian vein, it forms the right brachiocephalic
vein, which continues on the right side directly into the
superior vena cava. The common way to introduce the lead
from a pacemaker device into the heart is by way of the
cephalic vein. On the left side, the thoracic duct joins the
internal jugular vein at the point where the subclavian vein
and the internal jugular vein form the left brachiocephalic
vein. Note that the subclavian vein lies in front of the
scalenus anterior muscle, whereas the subclavian artery
and the brachial plexus lie posterior to that muscle. The
cephalic vein joins the axillary vein by passing into the
deltopectoral triangle. The subclavian vein is strongly
fixed to the first rib, so it can be punctured with a needle at
that point (underneath the sternal end of the clavicle) to
introduce a catheter (subclavian line).
172 Vessels of the Head and Neck: Lymph Vessels and Nodes
cut and laterally displaced to show the thoracic duct.
1 Superficial parotid lymph node
6 Anterior belly of digastric muscle
14 Supraclavicular lymph nodes
16 Thoracic duct and internal jugular vein
19 Superior mediastinal lymph nodes
20 Retro-auricular lymph nodes
22 Superficial cervical lymph nodes
23 Jugulodigastric lymph nodes and jugular
26 Jugulo-omohyoid lymph nodes
30 Infraclavicular lymph nodes
33 Internal thoracic artery and vein
Vessels of the Head and Neck: Lymph Vessels and Nodes
1 Mylohyoid muscle and facial artery
2 Anterior belly of digastric muscle
superior thyroid artery, and vein
8 Sternohyoid muscle and superior
10 Posterior belly of digastric muscle
11 Sternocleidomastoid muscle (reflected)
12 Superior cervical lymph nodes and
13 Hyoid bone and hypoglossal nerve
14 Splenius capitis and levator
15 Superior laryngeal artery and
26 Jugulodigastric nodes deep cervical
27 Jugulo-omohyoid nodes nodes
Carotid triangle, left side (lateral
aspect). Sternocleidomastoid muscle
Lymph nodes and veins of head and
neck. Dotted lines = border between
irrigation areas; arrows: direction of
174 Regions of the Neck: Anterior Region
Anterior region of the neck. The superficial fascia has been removed.
11 Cervical branch of facial nerve
12 Great auricular nerve Cutaneous
13 Transverse cervical nerves branches
14 Lateral supraclavicular nerves of cervical
15 Middle supraclavicular nerves plexus
16 Medial supraclavicular nerves
19 Prevertebral lamina of cervical fascia, covering
23 Superficial lamina of cervical fascia
24 Pretracheal lamina of cervical fascia
25 Prevertebral lamina of cervical fascia
26 Carotid sheath with common carotid artery,
internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve
27 Cervical part of sympathetic trunk
3 Anterior belly of digastric muscle
5 Infrahyoid muscles (sternohyoid,
sternothyroid, and omohyoid muscles)
Cross section of the neck at the level of the
thyroid gland. Notice the position of the three
laminae of cervical fascia (23, 24, 25).
Regions of the Neck: Anterior Region 175
Supra- and infrahyoid muscles (schematic drawing).
2 Anterior belly of digastric muscle
6 Internal jugular vein and common carotid artery
7 Transverse cervical nerve and omohyoid muscle
8 Sternohyoid muscle and superior thyroid artery
9 Sternocleidomastoid muscle (sternal head)
10 Left sternocleidomastoid muscle (reflected)
11 Sternocleidomastoid muscle (clavicular head)
and lateral supraclavicular nerves
12 Middle supraclavicular nerves
13 Medial supraclavicular nerves
16 Superficial cervical lymph nodes
17 Left superior thyroid artery and external carotid
19 Omohyoid muscle (superior belly)
20 Internal jugular vein and branches of ansa
21 Thyroid gland and unpaired inferior thyroid vein
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