Vessels of the Head and Neck: Arteries and Veins

1 Occipital vein

2 Superficial temporal vein

3 Sternocleidomastoid muscle

4 Trapezius muscle

5 Internal jugular vein

6 External jugular vein

7 Subclavian vein

8 Cephalic vein

9 Supra-orbital veins

10 Angular vein

11 Superior labial vein

12 Inferior labial vein

13 Facial vein

14 Submental vein

15 Superior thyroid vein

16 Anterior jugular vein

17 Thoracic duct

18 Inferior thyroid vein

19 Superior vena cava

20 Occipital branch of occipital

artery

21 Internal carotid artery

22 Cervical plexus

23 Supraclavicular nerve

24 Phrenic nerve and ascending

cervical artery on scalenus

anterior muscle

25 Superficial cervical artery

26 Suprascapular artery and nerve

27 Brachial plexus and anterior

circumflex humeral artery

28 Lateral cord of brachial plexus

29 Thoraco-acromial artery

30 Lateral thoracic artery

31 Superficial temporal artery

32 Transverse facial artery

33 Facial artery

34 External carotid artery

35 Superior thyroid artery

36 Common carotid artery,

vagus nerve, and thyroid gland

37 Thyrocervical trunk

38 Subclavian artery and

scalenus anterior muscle

39 Parotid gland and facial nerve

40 Great auricular nerve

41 External jugular vein

42 Brachial plexus

43 Cephalic vein in deltopectoral

groove

44 Axillary vein and artery

45 Right brachiocephalic vein

46 Superior vena cava

47 Right lung (reflected)

48 Superficial temporal artery

and vein

49 Facial artery and vein

50 Cervical branch of facial nerve

and submandibular gland

51 Internal jugular vein, common

carotid artery, and omohyoid

muscle

52 Anterior jugular vein and

thyroid gland

53 Jugular venous arch

54 Left brachiocephalic vein

55 Pericardium of heart

(location of right atrium)

56 Transverse cervical artery

Arteries of head and neck (antero-lateral aspect). Clavicle, sternocleidomastoid muscle, and

veins have been partly removed; the arteries have been colored.

Veins of head and neck. Sternocleidomastoid muscle and anterior thoracic

wall partly removed. Note the venous connection with the superior vena cava.

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Vessels of the Head and Neck: Veins

Veins of head and neck (anterior aspect). Part of the thoracic wall, clavicle, and sternocleidomastoid muscle have

been removed. Veins are colored blue; arteries, red.

The internal jugular vein is the continuation of the

sigmoid sinus, which drains most of the venous blood from

the brain together with the external cerebrospinal fluid. By

joining the subclavian vein, it forms the right brachiocephalic

vein, which continues on the right side directly into the

superior vena cava. The common way to introduce the lead

from a pacemaker device into the heart is by way of the

cephalic vein. On the left side, the thoracic duct joins the

internal jugular vein at the point where the subclavian vein

and the internal jugular vein form the left brachiocephalic

vein. Note that the subclavian vein lies in front of the

scalenus anterior muscle, whereas the subclavian artery

and the brachial plexus lie posterior to that muscle. The

cephalic vein joins the axillary vein by passing into the

deltopectoral triangle. The subclavian vein is strongly

fixed to the first rib, so it can be punctured with a needle at

that point (underneath the sternal end of the clavicle) to

introduce a catheter (subclavian line).

172 Vessels of the Head and Neck: Lymph Vessels and Nodes

Lymph nodes and lymph vessels of the neck, left side oblique (oblique-lateral aspect). The sternocleidomastoid

muscle and the left half of the thoracic wall have been removed. Lower part of the internal jugular vein has been

cut and laterally displaced to show the thoracic duct.

1 Superficial parotid lymph node

2 Parotid gland

3 Great auricular nerve

4 Mandible

5 Facial vein

6 Anterior belly of digastric muscle

7 Submandibular gland

8 Submental lymph nodes

9 Superior thyroid artery

10 Thyroid cartilage

11 Omohyoid muscle

12 Sternohyoid muscle

13 Common carotid artery

14 Supraclavicular lymph nodes

15 Anterior jugular vein

16 Thoracic duct and internal jugular vein

17 Jugular venous arch

18 Left brachiocephalic vein

19 Superior mediastinal lymph nodes

20 Retro-auricular lymph nodes

21 Submandibular nodes

22 Superficial cervical lymph nodes

23 Jugulodigastric lymph nodes and jugular

trunk

24 Internal jugular vein

25 External jugular vein

26 Jugulo-omohyoid lymph nodes

27 Brachial plexus

28 Cephalic vein

29 Subclavian trunk

30 Infraclavicular lymph nodes

31 Subclavian vein

32 Lung

33 Internal thoracic artery and vein

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Vessels of the Head and Neck: Lymph Vessels and Nodes

1 Mylohyoid muscle and facial artery

2 Anterior belly of digastric muscle

3 Thyrohyoid

4 External carotid artery,

superior thyroid artery, and vein

5 Omohyoid muscle

6 Thyroid cartilage

7 Ansa cervicalis

8 Sternohyoid muscle and superior

thyroid artery

9 Stylohyoid muscle

10 Posterior belly of digastric muscle

11 Sternocleidomastoid muscle (reflected)

12 Superior cervical lymph nodes and

sternocleidomastoid artery

13 Hyoid bone and hypoglossal nerve

(n. XII)

14 Splenius capitis and levator

scapulae muscles

15 Superior laryngeal artery and

internal branch of superior

laryngeal nerve

16 Accessory nerve

17 Cervical plexus

18 Internal jugular vein

19 Facial vein

20 Submental nodes

21 Thoracic duct

22 Retro-auricular nodes

23 Parotid nodes

24 Occipital nodes

25 Submandibular nodes

26 Jugulodigastric nodes deep cervical

27 Jugulo-omohyoid nodes nodes

28 Jugular trunk

29 Subclavian trunk

30 Infraclavicular nodes

31 External jugular vein

Carotid triangle, left side (lateral

aspect). Sternocleidomastoid muscle

reflected.

Lymph nodes and veins of head and

neck. Dotted lines = border between

irrigation areas; arrows: direction of

lymph flow.

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174 Regions of the Neck: Anterior Region

Anterior region of the neck. The superficial fascia has been removed.

8 Sternocleidomastoid muscle

9 Thyroid gland

10 Submandibular gland

11 Cervical branch of facial nerve

12 Great auricular nerve Cutaneous

13 Transverse cervical nerves branches

14 Lateral supraclavicular nerves of cervical

15 Middle supraclavicular nerves plexus

16 Medial supraclavicular nerves

17 Clavicle

18 Platysma muscle

19 Prevertebral lamina of cervical fascia, covering

longus colli muscle

20 Vertebral artery and vein

21 Scalenus muscles

22 Trapezius muscle

23 Superficial lamina of cervical fascia

24 Pretracheal lamina of cervical fascia

25 Prevertebral lamina of cervical fascia

26 Carotid sheath with common carotid artery,

internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve

27 Cervical part of sympathetic trunk

28 Carotid sheath

1 Mandible

2 Facial artery and vein

3 Anterior belly of digastric muscle

4 Mylohyoid muscle

5 Infrahyoid muscles (sternohyoid,

sternothyroid, and omohyoid muscles)

6 Anterior jugular veins

7 External jugular vein

Cross section of the neck at the level of the

thyroid gland. Notice the position of the three

laminae of cervical fascia (23, 24, 25).

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Regions of the Neck: Anterior Region 175

Anterior region of the neck with anterior triangle. The pretracheal lamina of cervical fascia and left sternocleidomastoid muscle have

been removed.

Supra- and infrahyoid muscles (schematic drawing).

1 Mylohyoid muscle

2 Anterior belly of digastric muscle

3 Facial artery

4 Submandibular gland

5 Great auricular nerve

6 Internal jugular vein and common carotid artery

7 Transverse cervical nerve and omohyoid muscle

8 Sternohyoid muscle and superior thyroid artery

9 Sternocleidomastoid muscle (sternal head)

10 Left sternocleidomastoid muscle (reflected)

11 Sternocleidomastoid muscle (clavicular head)

and lateral supraclavicular nerves

12 Middle supraclavicular nerves

13 Medial supraclavicular nerves

14 Mandible

15 Hyoid bone

16 Superficial cervical lymph nodes

17 Left superior thyroid artery and external carotid

artery

18 Thyroid cartilage

19 Omohyoid muscle (superior belly)

20 Internal jugular vein and branches of ansa

cervicalis

21 Thyroid gland and unpaired inferior thyroid vein

22 Posterior belly of digastric muscle

23 Stylohyoid muscle

24 Sternohyoid muscle

25 Sternothyroid muscle

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