Fetal Circulatory System 289

1 Internal jugular vein and right common

carotid artery

2 Right and left brachiocephalic vein

3 Aortic arch

4 Superior vena cava

5 Foramen ovale

6 Inferior vena cava

7 Ductus venosus

8 Liver

9 Umbilical vein

10 Small intestine

11 Umbilical artery

12 Urachus

13 Trachea and left internal jugular vein

14 Left pulmonary artery

15 Ductus arteriosus (Botalli)

16 Right ventricle

17 Hepatic arteries (red) and

portal vein (blue)

18 Stomach

19 Urinary bladder

20 Portal vein

21 Pulmonary veins

22 Descending aorta

23 Placenta

Thoracic and abdominal organs in the newborn (anterior aspect). The right

atrium has been opened to show the foramen ovale. The left lobe of the liver has

been removed.

Fetal circulatory system (schematic

drawing). The oxygen gradient is

indicated by color.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

290

4

12

13

14

15

10

9

17

18

19

20

8

20

10

21

4

22

22

Mammary Gland

1 Platysma muscle

2 Clavicle

3 Deltoid muscle

4 Pectoralis major muscle

5 Deltopectoral groove

and cephalic vein

6 Latissimus dorsi muscle

7 Medial mammarian branches

of intercostal nerves

8 Breast tissue

9 Areola

10 Nipple (papilla)

11 Costal margin

12 Pectoral fascia

13 Mammary gland

14 Serratus anterior muscle

(insertion)

15 Lactiferous sinus

16 Apical lymph nodes

17 Axillary lymph nodes

18 Intercostobrachial nerve

19 Lateral thoracic vein

20 Lymph vessels

21 Serratus anterior muscle

22 Medial branches of intercostal

arteries

23 Pectoralis minor muscle

Mammary gland (sagittal section) of a pregnant female.

Dissection of mammary gland (anterior aspect). Dissection of mammary gland and axillary lymph nodes.

Lymphatics of the breast and axilla. Most lymph

vessels drain into the axillary lymph nodes.

291

5 Abdominal Organs

6

2

3

4

8

1

2

3

4

5

1

7

5

The abdominal cavity located under -

neath the diaphragm contains the main

organs of the digestive system (liver,

spleen, stomach, intestine). The greater

omentum partly fixed to the transverse

colon covers the small intestine.

The liver, stomach, and superior part of

the duodenum are connected to the

lesser omentum covering the omental

bursa, the entrance of which is the

epiploic foramen.

The hepatoduodenal ligament contains

the portal vein, the common bile duct,

and the hepatic arteries. The spleen

is located dorsally underneath the

diaphragm.

Abdominal organs in situ (anterior aspect). The greater omentum and part of

the diaphragm have been removed. The heart is in contact with the diaphragm

(from Lütjen-Drecoll, Rohen, Innenansichten des menschlichen Körpers, 2010).

1 Liver

2 Stomach

3 Transverse colon

4 Small intestine

5 Hindgut (cecum) with vermiform appendix

6 Esophagus

7 Duodenum

8 Rectum

Organization of the digestive system

(anterior aspect). Position of the abdominal

organs.

292 Position of the Abdominal Organs

1 Thyroid gland

2 Upper lobe of right lung

3 Middle lobe of right lung

4 Heart

5 Diaphragm

6 Round ligament of liver (ligamentum teres)

7 Transverse colon

8 Cecum

9 Small intestine (ileum)

10 Thymus

11 Upper lobe of left lung

12 Lower lobe of left lung

13 Pericardium (cut edge)

14 Liver (left lobe)

15 Stomach

16 Greater omentum

17 Small intestine (jejunum)

18 Sigmoid colon

19 Rectus abdominis muscle

20 Small intestine (section)

21 Rib

22 Common bile duct, duodenum, and pancreas

23 Inferior vena cava

24 Liver

25 Body of second lumbar vertebra

26 Right kidney

27 Cauda equina and dura mater

28 Linea alba

29 Stomach and pylorus

30 Superior mesenteric artery and vein

31 Abdominal aorta

32 Left renal artery and vein

33 Left kidney

34 Psoas major muscle

35 Deep muscles of the back

36 Pancreas adjacent to lesser sac

(omental bursa)

37 Falciform ligament with ligamentum teres

Abdominal organs in situ. The greater omentum has been partly

removed or reflected.

Transverse section through the abdominal

cavity at the level of the second lumbar vertebra

(from below).