Brain and Cranial Nerves: Trigeminal Nerve 69

Cranial nerves in connection with the brain stem. Left side (lateral superior aspect).

Left half of brain and head partly removed. Notice the location of trigeminal ganglion.

Main branches of trigeminal nerve (schematic drawing of figure on opposite page).

1 Frontal nerve

2 Lacrimal gland and eyeball

3 Lacrimal nerve

4 Lateral rectus muscle

5 Ciliary ganglion lateral to optic nerve

6 Zygomatic nerve

7 Inferior branch of oculomotor nerve

8 Ophthalmic nerve (n. V1)

9 Maxillary nerve (n. V2)

10 Trigeminal ganglion

11 Mandibular nerve (n. V3)

12 Posterior superior alveolar nerves

13 Tympanic cavity, external acoustic

meatus, and tympanic membrane

14 Inferior alveolar nerve

15 Lingual nerve

16 Facial nerve (n. VII)

17 Vagus nerve (n. X)

18 Hypoglossal nerve (n. XII) and

superior root of ansa cervicalis

19 External carotid artery

20 Olfactory tract (n. I)

21 Optic nerve (n. II) (intracranial part)

22 Oculomotor nerve (n. III)

23 Abducent nerve (n. VI)

24 Trochlear nerve (n. IV)

25 Trigeminal nerve (n. V)

26 Vestibulocochlear nerve (n. VIII) and

facial nerve (n. VII)

27 Glossopharyngeal nerve (n. IX)

(leaving brain stem)

28 Rhomboid fossa

29 Vagus nerve (n. X) (leaving brain stem)

30 Hypoglossal nerve (n. XII) (leaving

medulla oblongata)

31 Accessory nerve (n. XI) (ascending

from foramen magnum)

32 Vertebral artery

33 Spinal ganglion and dura mater

of spinal cord

34 Accessory nerve (n. XI)

35 Internal carotid artery

36 Lateral and medial branch of

supra-orbital nerve

37 Infratrochlear nerve

38 Infra-orbital nerve

39 Pterygopalatine ganglion and

middle superior alveolar nerve

40 Middle superior alveolar nerves

(entering superior dental plexus)

41 Buccal nerve

42 Mental nerve and mental foramen

43 Auriculotemporal nerve

44 Otic ganglion (dotted line)

45 Chorda tympani

46 Mylohyoid nerve

47 Submandibular gland

48 Hyoid bone

70 Brain and Cranial Nerves: Facial Nerve

Dissection of facial nerve in its entirety. Cranial cavity fenestrated; temporal lobe partly removed.

Facial canal and tympanic cavity opened, posterior wall of external acoustic meatus removed.

Branches of facial nerve: a = temporal branch; b = zygomatic branches; c = buccal branches;

d = marginal mandibular branch.

Facial nerve (schematic drawing of the dissection above).

1 Trochlear nerve

2 Facial nerve with geniculate ganglion

3 Cerebellum (right hemisphere)

4 Occipital belly of occipitofrontalis muscle

and greater occipital nerve

5 Facial nerve at stylomastoid foramen

6 Splenius capitis muscle

7 Cervical branch of facial nerve

8 Sternocleidomastoid muscle and

retromandibular vein

9 Orbicularis oculi muscle

10 Chorda tympani

11 External acoustic meatus

12 Facial artery

13 Mastoid air cells

14 Posterior auricular nerve

15 Nucleus and genu of facial nerve

Cranial nerves in connection with

the brain stem (oblique-lateral aspect).

Lateral portion of the skull, brain, neck

and facial structures, lateral wall of orbit

and oral cavity have been removed. The

tympanic cavity has been opened.

The mandible has been divided and

the muscles of mastication have been

removed.

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Brain and Cranial Nerves: Connection with the Brain Stem

1 Optic tract

2 Oculomotor nerve (n. III)

3 Lateral rectus muscle and inferior branch

of oculomotor nerve

4 Malleus and chorda tympani

5 Chorda tympani, facial nerve (n. VII), and

vestibulocochlear nerve (n. VIII)

6 Glossopharyngeal nerve (n. XI)

7 Lingual nerve and inferior alveolar nerve

8 Styloid process and stylohyoid muscle

9 Styloglossus muscle

10 Lingual branches of glossopharyngeal

nerve

11 Lingual branch of hypoglossal nerve

12 External carotid artery

13 Superior root of ansa cervicalis (branch of

hypoglossal nerve, derived from C1)

14 Lateral ventricle with choroid plexus and

cerebral peduncle

15 Trochlear nerve (n. IV)

16 Trigeminal nerve (n. V)

17 Fourth ventricle and rhomboid fossa

18 Vagus nerve (n. X)

19 Accessory nerve (n. XI)

20 Vertebral artery

21 Superior cervical ganglion

22 Hypoglossal nerve (n. XII)

23 Spinal ganglion with dural sheath

24 Dura mater of spinal cord

25 Internal carotid artery and carotid

sinus branch of glossopharyngeal

nerve

26 Dorsal roots of spinal nerve

27 Sympathetic trunk

28 Branch of cervical plexus (ventral

primary ramus of third cervical

spinal nerve)

29 Ansa cervicalis

72 Brain and Cranial Nerves: Nerves of the Orbit

Cranial nerves of the orbit and pterygopalatine fossa. Left orbit (lateral aspect). Note the zygomaticolacrimal anastomosis (arrow).

10 Infra-orbital nerve

11 Posterior superior alveolar nerves

12 Branches of superior alveolar plexus

adjacent to mucous membrane of

maxillary sinus

13 Central sulcus of insula

14 Superior rectus muscle

15 Periorbita (roof of orbit)

16 Nasociliary nerve

17 Ciliary ganglion

18 Oculomotor nerve (n. III)

19 Trochlear nerve (n. IV)

20 Ophthalmic nerve (n. V1)

21 Abducent nerve (n. VI) (divided)

22 Trigeminal nerve (n. V)

23 Trigeminal ganglion

24 Maxillary nerve (n. V2) and foramen

rotundum

25 Mandibular nerve (n. V3)

26 External acoustic meatus

27 Pterygopalatine nerves

28 Deep temporal nerves

29 Buccal nerve

30 Masseteric nerve

31 Auriculotemporal nerve

32 Trochlea and superior oblique muscle

Cranial nerves innervating extra-ocular muscles (lateral aspect).

(Schematic drawing.)

6 Optic nerve and short ciliary nerves

7 Inferior oblique muscle

8 Zygomatic nerve

9 Inferior branch of oculomotor nerve and

inferior rectus muscle

1 Frontal lobe

2 Supra-orbital nerve

3 Lacrimal gland

4 Lacrimal nerve

5 Lateral rectus muscle (divided)

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